Monday, 31 December 2012
Σχετικά με τα τζάκια τις εντολές του ΥΠΕΚΑ για απαγόρευση κτλ
Λόγω
της μεγάλης αύξησης του ΕΦΚ στο πετρέλαιο θέρμανσης ο κόσμος στράφηκε προς άλλες
πηγές θέρμανσης και εγκατέλειψε το πετρέλαιο θέρμανσης. Έτσι λοιπόν αρκετές
οικίες που διαθέτουν τζάκια και τα οποία δεν χρησιμοποιούνταν παλαιότερα,
χρησιμοποιήθηκαν φέτος.
Ο
κόσμος αναγκάζεται να αγοράζει καυσόξυλα ή να μαζεύει ξύλα από όπου βρει ή
ακόμα και ξύλα από παλιά έπιπλα τα οποία έχουν υποστεί κατεργασίες και βαφές με
χρωστικές και διάφορες άλλες πετροχημικές ενώσεις
Τώρα
έρχεται το ΥΠΕΚΑ να πει τι; Δεν ενδιαφέρει τον κόσμο τι γίνεται στην ατμόσφαιρα
και πόσα ppm
είναι
οι συγκεντρώσεις. Αυτό που ενδιαφέρει τον κόσμο είναι να μπορεί να ζεσταθεί στο
σπίτι του έστω με ημίμετρα.
Την
δεκαετία του 80 που υπήρχε το γνωστό νέφος στην Αθήνα, το κράτος απαγόρευσε την
χρήση μαζούτ ώστε να μειωθεί το νέφος. Τώρα βγήκανε ανακοινώσεις του ΥΠΕΚΑ στην
δημοσιότητα από διάφορες ιστοσελίδες που λένε να κλείσουμε τα τζάκια προσοχή
στα τζάκια κτλ.
Πάρτε
όσες απαγορεύσεις θέλετε, τα τζάκια δεν θα σταματήσουν να λειτουργούν. Ας μειώσει
το κράτος τον ειδικό φόρο κατανάλωσης στο πετρέλαιο για να μπορέσει να αγοράσει
ο κόσμος. Δεν ενδιαφέρει τον κόσμο αν αυτό αποτελεί μνημονιακή υποχρέωση και αν
θα ληφθούν νέα μέτρα από αλλού.
Φέτος
όλη η βουλή πρέπει να θαφτεί στην τέφρα και τα μικροσωματίδια μέχρι να
αποσυρθούν τα φορολογικά μέτρα.
Ετικέτες
Δικά μας άρθρα και έρευνες
Sunday, 30 December 2012
晶科能源获评全球新能源“最具发展潜力企业”
北京2012年12月27日,世界领先的光伏制造企业晶科能源(纽交所代码:JKS)宣布,在《中国能源报》与中国能源经济研究院联合举办的全球新能源企业研究与评选中,晶科能源荣获“最具发展潜力企业”。
作为全球新能源企业研究与评选的主办单位,《中国能源报》组建了全球性专家评审委员会,针对近千家全球能源企业展开评审工作。晶科能源凭借稳准的战略规划、卓越的产品质量、逆境中出色业绩表现等因素,成为最具潜力的行业领军力量。
在被《中国能源报》评为“最具发展潜力企业”之前,晶科能源在普华永道发布的“2012年全球太阳能企业可持续发展指数”中排名第四,被认可为最具长期发 展实力的太阳能企业之一。该指数考虑了太阳能公司的财务表现、运营效率、运营资金、税前可支配利润以及负债率等指标,各项数据综合证明了晶科能源的长期增 长性与发展潜力。
晶科能源首席执行官陈康平表示,“先后得到不同领域两家权威机构对于晶科发展潜力的认可,我们感到非常高兴。晶科能源的业务模式不是要在行业里面寻求规模 最大,而是追求平衡发展,注重长期发展潜力。我们期望在未来的长期发展中,通过自身努力不断改变能源生产和应用方式,改变能源结构,扩大太阳能发电应用。 这也是我们的愿景和使命。”
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62712.html
作为全球新能源企业研究与评选的主办单位,《中国能源报》组建了全球性专家评审委员会,针对近千家全球能源企业展开评审工作。晶科能源凭借稳准的战略规划、卓越的产品质量、逆境中出色业绩表现等因素,成为最具潜力的行业领军力量。
在被《中国能源报》评为“最具发展潜力企业”之前,晶科能源在普华永道发布的“2012年全球太阳能企业可持续发展指数”中排名第四,被认可为最具长期发 展实力的太阳能企业之一。该指数考虑了太阳能公司的财务表现、运营效率、运营资金、税前可支配利润以及负债率等指标,各项数据综合证明了晶科能源的长期增 长性与发展潜力。
晶科能源首席执行官陈康平表示,“先后得到不同领域两家权威机构对于晶科发展潜力的认可,我们感到非常高兴。晶科能源的业务模式不是要在行业里面寻求规模 最大,而是追求平衡发展,注重长期发展潜力。我们期望在未来的长期发展中,通过自身努力不断改变能源生产和应用方式,改变能源结构,扩大太阳能发电应用。 这也是我们的愿景和使命。”
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62712.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
保威日本光伏电站研讨会成功举办
首届保威日本大型光伏发电站研讨会于2012年12月7在日本千叶成功举办,保威COM史莉与日本光伏专家及来自各国的大型光伏发电站投资商共同探讨了日
本大型光伏发电站的发展现状和发展趋势,并对大型光伏发电站的投资和建设,银行融资,建设施工以及电站维护等问题交流了宝贵的经验和意见。
此研讨会在2012年日本PV JAPAN光伏展会举行期间,由保威与日本第一大EPC公司,Westholdings联合举办。在政策与市场的双轮驱动下,日本太阳能光伏行业快速发 展,已成为全球光伏投资市场上最炙手可热的国家。如何在日本进行产业电站的投资和建设,如何寻找银行融资渠道,为什么日本电站EPC价格需要3.8美元这 么高?为什么日本贷款利率只有2%却很难申请到贷款?为什么日本电站IRR可以做到10%?为什么日本电站的结构施工要求如此严格?这些都是产业电站潜在 投资者们最为迫切希望了解的信息。会议上,保威日本CMO史莉结合在日本超过100MW的大型光伏发电站建设经验,重点介绍了日本产业发电的经营模式和发 展趋势,以及EPC在日本建设大型光伏发电站过程中,从项目选址、设计、采购、到施工和维护的整体流程。
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62713.html
此研讨会在2012年日本PV JAPAN光伏展会举行期间,由保威与日本第一大EPC公司,Westholdings联合举办。在政策与市场的双轮驱动下,日本太阳能光伏行业快速发 展,已成为全球光伏投资市场上最炙手可热的国家。如何在日本进行产业电站的投资和建设,如何寻找银行融资渠道,为什么日本电站EPC价格需要3.8美元这 么高?为什么日本贷款利率只有2%却很难申请到贷款?为什么日本电站IRR可以做到10%?为什么日本电站的结构施工要求如此严格?这些都是产业电站潜在 投资者们最为迫切希望了解的信息。会议上,保威日本CMO史莉结合在日本超过100MW的大型光伏发电站建设经验,重点介绍了日本产业发电的经营模式和发 展趋势,以及EPC在日本建设大型光伏发电站过程中,从项目选址、设计、采购、到施工和维护的整体流程。
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62713.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
黑龙江汉能薄膜太阳能双鸭山构建光伏产业“蓝海”
12月28日,黑龙江汉能薄膜太阳能研发制造基地一期300兆瓦首批产品下线仪式在双鸭山举行。目前,汉能控股集团在四川、广东、海南、浙江、山东、江苏
等地投资建设薄膜太阳能产业研发制造基地,总产能已达到3GW(300万千瓦)。通过技术并购和自主创新,汉能的薄膜光伏技术已达到国际领先水平,其中铜
铟镓硒(CIGS)组件量产转化率已达15.5%。
黑龙江汉能基地落户于双鸭山经济开发区,是黑龙江省及双鸭山市两级“十二五”期间重点建设项目,也是黑龙江大力发展战略性新兴产业,调结构、优发展,节能 减排的重要组成部分。在黑龙江省委、省政府和双鸭山市委、市政府的大力支持下,该项目于2010年4月30日签约,2012年11月30日第一片产品下 线。作为黑龙江省唯一一家薄膜电池制造项目,这一项目的投产将有效拉动新材料、太阳能应用、物流及上下游配套产业发展,对东北地区的新能源产业发展,将起 到积极的示范作用。
汉能控股集团董事局主席李河君在发言中感谢黑龙江省、双鸭山市各级政府对汉能的大力支持,并希望与黑龙江省共同推进光伏产业应用的发展,让黑龙江省实现 “全民办电”、“家家使用新能源”的目标,从而实现太阳能产业的最终目标—平价上网。将新能源作为新的经济增长点,为黑龙江建设生态省打下坚实基础。
李河君介绍,在国家七大战略性新兴产业中,汉能的薄膜业务兼具了新材料、新能源、高端装备制造和节能环保四项,带动了玻璃、钢铁、塑料、物流等85个产 业、1026家中小企业的发展。黑龙江省紧跟国家政策,力求在七大战略性新兴产业里有所作为,汉能在双鸭山建设薄膜电池生产项目,不但能促进黑龙江省传统 产业结构重组,还能大力推动东北地区的光伏应用,在这片黑土地上构建光伏产业“蓝海”。
今年以来,国家频繁推出政策,启动国内光伏应用市场,尤其鼓励分布式发电。李河君介绍,薄膜组件因其成本低、无污染、能源回收期短、柔性好、弱光发电性好 等特点,在分布式应用上优势明显。东北地区纬度较高,但日照充足,夏季温度不高,适合光伏发电产品的应用。汉能的薄膜太阳能生产基地落户于此,并在东北地 区建设光伏发电站及光伏建筑一体化项目,将促进东北的能源产业朝清洁、健康、高科技、可持续的发展的经济发展模式转变,推动东北老工业基地振兴和产业结构 大调整。
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62714.html
黑龙江汉能基地落户于双鸭山经济开发区,是黑龙江省及双鸭山市两级“十二五”期间重点建设项目,也是黑龙江大力发展战略性新兴产业,调结构、优发展,节能 减排的重要组成部分。在黑龙江省委、省政府和双鸭山市委、市政府的大力支持下,该项目于2010年4月30日签约,2012年11月30日第一片产品下 线。作为黑龙江省唯一一家薄膜电池制造项目,这一项目的投产将有效拉动新材料、太阳能应用、物流及上下游配套产业发展,对东北地区的新能源产业发展,将起 到积极的示范作用。
汉能控股集团董事局主席李河君在发言中感谢黑龙江省、双鸭山市各级政府对汉能的大力支持,并希望与黑龙江省共同推进光伏产业应用的发展,让黑龙江省实现 “全民办电”、“家家使用新能源”的目标,从而实现太阳能产业的最终目标—平价上网。将新能源作为新的经济增长点,为黑龙江建设生态省打下坚实基础。
李河君介绍,在国家七大战略性新兴产业中,汉能的薄膜业务兼具了新材料、新能源、高端装备制造和节能环保四项,带动了玻璃、钢铁、塑料、物流等85个产 业、1026家中小企业的发展。黑龙江省紧跟国家政策,力求在七大战略性新兴产业里有所作为,汉能在双鸭山建设薄膜电池生产项目,不但能促进黑龙江省传统 产业结构重组,还能大力推动东北地区的光伏应用,在这片黑土地上构建光伏产业“蓝海”。
今年以来,国家频繁推出政策,启动国内光伏应用市场,尤其鼓励分布式发电。李河君介绍,薄膜组件因其成本低、无污染、能源回收期短、柔性好、弱光发电性好 等特点,在分布式应用上优势明显。东北地区纬度较高,但日照充足,夏季温度不高,适合光伏发电产品的应用。汉能的薄膜太阳能生产基地落户于此,并在东北地 区建设光伏发电站及光伏建筑一体化项目,将促进东北的能源产业朝清洁、健康、高科技、可持续的发展的经济发展模式转变,推动东北老工业基地振兴和产业结构 大调整。
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62714.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
北方光电拟向控股股东转让所持云南天达光伏股份
2012年12月28日:北方光电股份有限公司日前宣布将转让本公司持有的云南天达光伏科技股份有限公司87.92%的股权给其控股股东北方光电集团有限公司,转让后本光电股份不再持有云南天达光伏科技股份有限公司股权。
光电股份在公告中表示,截至2012年9月30日,天达公司未经审计的资产总额为9.02亿元,负债总额为8.07亿元,净资产9464万元。2012年 1到9月实现营业收入5462万元,净利润1.14亿,,扣除非经常性损益后的净利润-1.16亿元。光电股份称将在审计、评估等工作完成后,另行召开董 事会审议本次交易,明确成交价格、支付方式、交割时间安排等事项。
光电股份同时重申了光电集团、红塔创新投资股份有限公司和云南省工业投资控股集团有限责任公司在2010年度实施的重大资产重组中承诺仍然有效,若天达公 司2012年实现的净利润低于2,900万元,则在公司公告2012年度报告之日起30个工作日内,按重大资产重组交易实施前所持天达公司股权比例以现金 向光电股份补偿未达业绩承诺的差额。
http://www.pvnews.cn/shangshigongsi/2012-12-30/62716.html
光电股份在公告中表示,截至2012年9月30日,天达公司未经审计的资产总额为9.02亿元,负债总额为8.07亿元,净资产9464万元。2012年 1到9月实现营业收入5462万元,净利润1.14亿,,扣除非经常性损益后的净利润-1.16亿元。光电股份称将在审计、评估等工作完成后,另行召开董 事会审议本次交易,明确成交价格、支付方式、交割时间安排等事项。
光电股份同时重申了光电集团、红塔创新投资股份有限公司和云南省工业投资控股集团有限责任公司在2010年度实施的重大资产重组中承诺仍然有效,若天达公 司2012年实现的净利润低于2,900万元,则在公司公告2012年度报告之日起30个工作日内,按重大资产重组交易实施前所持天达公司股权比例以现金 向光电股份补偿未达业绩承诺的差额。
http://www.pvnews.cn/shangshigongsi/2012-12-30/62716.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
国电山东公司潍坊光伏发电项目获核准
12月26日,国电潍坊10MWp光伏发电项目获得山东省发改委正式核准。该项目是潍坊滨海经济技术开发区首个光伏电站项目,标志着国电山东公司在新能源开发领域又取得了重大进展。
该项目拟建地点位于潍坊滨海经济技术开发区海港物流园,总占地面积约24.38平方公里。开发区沿海土地资源丰富,光能资源充足,利于太阳能光伏电站的建 设。项目规划装机容量为10MWp,项目建成投产后,预计年平均发电量1271.24万千瓦时,每年可节约标准煤4154.9吨,每年可减排二氧化硫约 20.98吨、二氧化碳约1.04万吨、烟尘约3.10吨,并可节约大量的水资源,具有较好的经济、环保和社会效益。
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62717.html
该项目拟建地点位于潍坊滨海经济技术开发区海港物流园,总占地面积约24.38平方公里。开发区沿海土地资源丰富,光能资源充足,利于太阳能光伏电站的建 设。项目规划装机容量为10MWp,项目建成投产后,预计年平均发电量1271.24万千瓦时,每年可节约标准煤4154.9吨,每年可减排二氧化硫约 20.98吨、二氧化碳约1.04万吨、烟尘约3.10吨,并可节约大量的水资源,具有较好的经济、环保和社会效益。
http://www.pvnews.cn/qiyedongtai/2012-12-30/62717.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
喀什地区和克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州独立光伏通电工程启动
近日,总投资3.8亿元的喀什地区、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州无电地区独立光伏通电工程正式启动。项目将于2013年6月底建成,可解决喀什地区叶城县及克
州地区9550户家庭的用电难题。该工程为国家“金太阳”示范工程,是国家能源局在“十二五”期间全面解决新疆无电人口用电问题进行的民生工程。装机总量
6.82兆瓦,包括197座集中式光伏电站和3200套户用光伏系统的设计建设安装一站式任务。预计发电总量2.23亿千瓦时,相当于累计节约标煤
7.82万吨。工程由新疆中兴能源有限公司设计承建。据了解,新疆无电地区电力建设包括电网延伸供电工程和光伏独立供电工程两种方式。光伏独立供电工程以
无电人口集中的县域为单位,采用独立光伏电站、户用光伏系统,以及风光互补电站、风光互补户用系统,申报国家“金太阳”工程支持,国家利用可再生能源基金
给予定额补助,并在2014年至2015年间,完善有关工程建设和运行管理,实现区域内可靠供电。
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyeyaowen/2012-12-30/62718.html
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyeyaowen/2012-12-30/62718.html
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中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
2012年中国多晶硅进口累计76006吨
据最新海关统计数据显示,11月份我国多晶硅进口量为5772吨,环比增加0.59%;1-11月份累计进口量达76006吨,同比增长
29.84%。进口单价方面据最新海关统计数据显示,11月份我国多晶硅进口量为5772吨,环比增加0.59%;1-11月份累计进口量达76006
吨,同比增长29.84%。进口单价方面,11月份多晶硅进口均价再创新低,为20.39美元/千克,环比下滑12.90%,而1-11月份多晶硅的进口
单价则降至25.76美元/千克,较2011年全年均价下滑58.04%。
据11月份分国别进口数据显示,自韩国、美国及德国三国进口量占全部进口量的85.97%,其中,韩国所占市场份额为26.1%,美国为40.3%, 德国为19.5%。11月份韩国和德国的进口单价较10月份出现不同程度下滑,分别为19.41美元/千克和25.88美元/千克,而美国的进口单价小幅 回升到17.04美元/千克,但美国进口单价仍居三国之中最低位。值得业内关注的是,多晶硅进口均价又创新低,至20.39美元/千克。硅业分会认为,其 主要原因是受我国追溯征税调查影响,德国为消化巨大剩余库存,加之年末将至各大多晶硅企业为达销售目标而出货心切,不惜刷新低报价。具体看来,11月份从 德国进口量较其他国家下滑幅度更大,为1127吨,平均价格降至25.88美元/千克。硅业分会认为,11月份从德国进口量仍有下降,与德国瓦克限产不无 关联,根据其三季报的披露,截止到9月份底产能减少20%,加之目前全球需求疲软及产能过剩,限产进一步加剧。因此11月德国出口多晶硅量仍有所下滑。
随着商务部开展多晶硅追溯征税调查,预计未来多晶硅价格有望触底反弹,但反弹高度较为有限。而中欧两国双反的结果将直接影响硅料和组件的价格,未来的硅料市场以及光伏市场的价格体系将更趋复杂。
据海关统计数据显示,11月份我国多晶硅出口为410吨,累计出口为1497吨。
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyeyaowen/2012-12-31/62728.html
据11月份分国别进口数据显示,自韩国、美国及德国三国进口量占全部进口量的85.97%,其中,韩国所占市场份额为26.1%,美国为40.3%, 德国为19.5%。11月份韩国和德国的进口单价较10月份出现不同程度下滑,分别为19.41美元/千克和25.88美元/千克,而美国的进口单价小幅 回升到17.04美元/千克,但美国进口单价仍居三国之中最低位。值得业内关注的是,多晶硅进口均价又创新低,至20.39美元/千克。硅业分会认为,其 主要原因是受我国追溯征税调查影响,德国为消化巨大剩余库存,加之年末将至各大多晶硅企业为达销售目标而出货心切,不惜刷新低报价。具体看来,11月份从 德国进口量较其他国家下滑幅度更大,为1127吨,平均价格降至25.88美元/千克。硅业分会认为,11月份从德国进口量仍有下降,与德国瓦克限产不无 关联,根据其三季报的披露,截止到9月份底产能减少20%,加之目前全球需求疲软及产能过剩,限产进一步加剧。因此11月德国出口多晶硅量仍有所下滑。
随着商务部开展多晶硅追溯征税调查,预计未来多晶硅价格有望触底反弹,但反弹高度较为有限。而中欧两国双反的结果将直接影响硅料和组件的价格,未来的硅料市场以及光伏市场的价格体系将更趋复杂。
据海关统计数据显示,11月份我国多晶硅出口为410吨,累计出口为1497吨。
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyeyaowen/2012-12-31/62728.html
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中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
Top 8 Canadian CEOs who got the axe in 2012
TORONTO — It was a tough year for many in the corner suite as several chief executives were forced out. Here’s a quick look at a few corporate chieftains who lost their job:
SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. (TSX:SNC): Pierre Duhaime left the company amid an internal accounting investigation in March into questionable payments and a sharp drop in quarterly earnings. The company said an independent probe into certain payments the company made revealed “management override, flawed design or ineffective enforcement of controls” in relation to hiring agents for two of its projects. Duhaime was later charged with fraud in connection with a contract pertaining to the McGill University Health Centre.
Research In Motion Ltd. (TSX:RIM): Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis stepped aside as co-chairmen and co-chief executives amid pressure from disgruntled shareholders in January. Thorsten Heins, the company’s chief operating officer, was named to the chief executive job, while Barbara Stymiest was named chairwoman. Balsillie eventually resigned from the RIM board in March, while Lazaridis remains on the board and serves as vice-chairman.
———
Kinross Gold Corp. (TSX:K): Tye Burt was replaced by J. Paul Rollinson, the company’s executive vice-president of corporate development, in a bid to improve the gold miner’s lagging performance. Shares in Kinross were hit earlier this year after it slowed the development of its three major projects, including its Tasiast mine that it acquired in 2010 with its US$7.1-billion purchase of Red Back Mining.
———
Barrick Gold Corp. (TSX:ABX): Aaron Regent was replaced by Jamie Sokalsky, the company’s chief financial officer, in June in hopes of helping restore the company’s lacklustre share price. Barrick founder and chairman Peter Munk had been openly critical of the company’s share price and told the company’s annual meeting that it wasn’t satisfactory.
———
Nexen Inc. (TSX:NXY): Marvin Romanow was replaced by Kevin Reinhart, the company’s chief financial officer, in January as the company struggled with problems at its Long Lake oilsands project. The company ended up signing a deal in July to be bought by China National Offshore Oil Company for $15.1 billion in cash.
———
Talisman Energy Inc. (TSX:TLM): John Manzoni was turfed in September in favour of Hal Kvisle, the former chief executive of pipeline company TransCanada. The company said it needed a different leadership approach as it shifted strategic direction. Under Kvisle, Talisman has said it will focus less on chasing risky, expensive international exploration projects and more on bolstering its finances and operational performance.
http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/30/top-8-canadian-ceos-who-got-the-axe-in-2012/
———
Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. (TSX:CP): Fred Green was ousted after a bitter proxy fight between the railway and its largest shareholder. Pershing Square Capital Management accused the railway of being poorly managed and waged a months-long campaign to replace much the board and Green, who was replaced by former CN chief executive Hunter Harrison in June.
———
Research In Motion Ltd. (TSX:RIM): Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis stepped aside as co-chairmen and co-chief executives amid pressure from disgruntled shareholders in January. Thorsten Heins, the company’s chief operating officer, was named to the chief executive job, while Barbara Stymiest was named chairwoman. Balsillie eventually resigned from the RIM board in March, while Lazaridis remains on the board and serves as vice-chairman.
———
Kinross Gold Corp. (TSX:K): Tye Burt was replaced by J. Paul Rollinson, the company’s executive vice-president of corporate development, in a bid to improve the gold miner’s lagging performance. Shares in Kinross were hit earlier this year after it slowed the development of its three major projects, including its Tasiast mine that it acquired in 2010 with its US$7.1-billion purchase of Red Back Mining.
———
Barrick Gold Corp. (TSX:ABX): Aaron Regent was replaced by Jamie Sokalsky, the company’s chief financial officer, in June in hopes of helping restore the company’s lacklustre share price. Barrick founder and chairman Peter Munk had been openly critical of the company’s share price and told the company’s annual meeting that it wasn’t satisfactory.
———
Nexen Inc. (TSX:NXY): Marvin Romanow was replaced by Kevin Reinhart, the company’s chief financial officer, in January as the company struggled with problems at its Long Lake oilsands project. The company ended up signing a deal in July to be bought by China National Offshore Oil Company for $15.1 billion in cash.
———
Talisman Energy Inc. (TSX:TLM): John Manzoni was turfed in September in favour of Hal Kvisle, the former chief executive of pipeline company TransCanada. The company said it needed a different leadership approach as it shifted strategic direction. Under Kvisle, Talisman has said it will focus less on chasing risky, expensive international exploration projects and more on bolstering its finances and operational performance.
http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/30/top-8-canadian-ceos-who-got-the-axe-in-2012/
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International news - English
Canada's energy boom draws skilled Americans looking for work
Some out-of-work Americans might have to look no further than our neighbor to the north for employment.
Canada is looking to hire tens of thousands of skilled workers for its booming energy industry. With the third-largest oil and gas reserves in the world, after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, Canada wants to double its oil production in the next 10 years. While it has plenty of oil to tap, there aren't enough skilled workers to help secure it.
That's especially true in the western province of Alberta, where mining the oil sands and creating the infrastructure for it is providing plenty of work.
Ironworker Mike Riordan left Minnesota for Alberta's capitol city of Edmonton - which serves as a staging ground for many of the big oil companies. Riordan says work was slow for him in the U.S. and he's now making twice what he was back home.
"The opportunities are just basically endless up here right now," said Riordan. "There's obviously a shortage of workers. You could go anywhere and make some pretty good money."
Ken Hughes, Alberta's minister of energy, said his province will need more than 100,000 workers in the next decade. Hughes added that moving to Canada can be an easy transition for Americans.
"Our cultures are similar, our standards are very similar, we have a lot of opportunity for people who want to work hard, who want to make some money, who want to continue to live in a society that is very similar to their own society," said Hughes in a recent interview with Fox News in Edmonton.
Construction company PCL is looking for iron workers, pipefitters and welders to name a few vocations.
"They can make some pretty good money. The average rate is about $40 an hour for a pipefitter here, so if you extrapolate that over a year, it's a 100-thousand or more, pretty darn good money," said Gary Trigg, vice president of fabrication with PCL.
" I think I'd be on the next plane or a bus or be hitchhiking or someway to get up here, if you've got the skills."
And skills you need, as these aren't entry level positions.
"There is a severe demand for skilled workers, not entry level. Those skilled workers who have trade qualifications and probably have five to 10 or more years of experience, " said Abigail Fulton, vice president of the British Columbia Construction Association. The organization represents some 2000 employers in industrial, commercial and institutional contractors.
The province of British Columbia needs some 40,000 workers. Qualified Canadians are getting the jobs, there just aren't enough of them.
"The more skilled workers we can put in place, the more journey persons we have on the site, the more entry level Canadians we can take on and provide apprenticeships and so forth," said Fulton at a recent job fair her organization hosted with Riverside County near Palm Springs, California.
Both the British Columbia Construction Association and the Edmonton Economic Development plan to hold more job fairs in the U.S. in the new year. Applicants need to have experience and a clean criminal record.
More information can be found at opportunityawaits.com and bccassn.com.
http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/12/27/canada-energy-boom-draws-skilled-americans-looking-for-work/
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International news - English
UK electric vehicle sales to double in 2013?
Cheaper models and more charging stations are reasons to expect UK electric vehicle sales to double in 2013.
If you’re jumping for joy, hold your horses — there are currently only about 3,000 electric cars in Britain, and most of those are part of company fleets. But any increase is a good thing, and the Guardian reports that British companies will continue to be major EV buyers.
Cheaper models with increased range and battery life (such as the Renault Zoe) will add on to sales of the Nissan Leaf and the “love it or leave it” Vauxhall Ampera, and the national EV charging network is sure to encourage British buyers to seriously consider electric cars.
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International news - English
Show me the (fossil fuel) money
Have you ever read news coverage of an energy or climate issue and thought to yourself, “Why is that spokesperson defending fossil fuels, slamming clean energy, and denying climate change?” As you may suspect, it’s because they receive financial support from pro-fossil fuel interests – a fact rarely mentioned in media coverage.
“Fossil Fuel Front Groups on the Front Page,” a new report from the Checks and Balances Project, reveals financial ties between pro–fossil fuel think tanks and the world’s biggest fossil fuel interests, with a transactional relationship of funding for national media coverage.
According to the report, fossil fuel interests gave at least $16.3 million dollars in direct funding to the ten most-quoted pro–fossil fuel advocacy organizations from 2006-2010. Internal materials suggest a strategy of targeting funds from those with the most to lose by a shift toward the clean energy economy.
From 2007-2011, Checks and Balances found these funded groups and their policy experts were mentioned at least 1,010 times in coverage of energy issues in America’s 58 most-read newspapers, plus the Associated Press and Politico. That averages four mentions per week during on some of the most high-stakes clean energy and climate policy issues of our time.
These organizations also enjoyed heavier coverage in some of America’s most influential newspapers. 31% of all coverage came in six outlets – the Associated Press, Politico, New York Times, Washington Post, USA Today, and Christian Science Monitor. (The Wall Street Journal was not included because its articles are not publicly searchable).
Unsurprisingly, a majority of their quotes supported fossil fuel sources while attacking clean energy or environmental support, often using similar messaging:
But the large amount of pro-fossil coverage wouldn’t be unfair except for one major fact – the quoted spokespeople or media outlets only disclosed financial ties to fossil fuel interests 6% of the time. In more than half of all coverage (53%), media outlets only mentioned the organization by name, with another third of mentions only including vague ideology (conservative, 17%; free market, 8%; libertarian, 6%).
And the worst part is, it’s working. Credible estimates of federal fossil fuel subsidies approach $52 billion annually, while clean energy funding mechanisms like the Production Tax Credit are left to wither on the vine. Media coverage isn’t solely to blame — lobbying absolutely plays a role — but it’s a big aspect in how policymakers determine positions.
Fortunately, one simple solution to this problem exists – transparent disclosure of funding sources from spokespeople. Checks and Balances advocates media ask one question for quoted sources: “Do you get money, directly or indirectly, from interests that stand to benefit from what you are saying?”
That’s a question worth asking. But my money’s on these fossil-funded spokespeople avoiding the answer.
Read more at http://cleantechnica.com/2012/12/29/show-me-the-fossil-fuel-money/#MGbiMd72sScwpWKe.99 “Fossil Fuel Front Groups on the Front Page,” a new report from the Checks and Balances Project, reveals financial ties between pro–fossil fuel think tanks and the world’s biggest fossil fuel interests, with a transactional relationship of funding for national media coverage.
According to the report, fossil fuel interests gave at least $16.3 million dollars in direct funding to the ten most-quoted pro–fossil fuel advocacy organizations from 2006-2010. Internal materials suggest a strategy of targeting funds from those with the most to lose by a shift toward the clean energy economy.
“Contributions will be pursued for this work, especially from corporations whose interests are threatened by climate (change) policies.” -Heartland Institute fundraising document
Fossil Fuel Funds Buy Fossil-Friendly Quotes
So what does all that cash buy? Media coverage – and quite a lot of it.From 2007-2011, Checks and Balances found these funded groups and their policy experts were mentioned at least 1,010 times in coverage of energy issues in America’s 58 most-read newspapers, plus the Associated Press and Politico. That averages four mentions per week during on some of the most high-stakes clean energy and climate policy issues of our time.
These organizations also enjoyed heavier coverage in some of America’s most influential newspapers. 31% of all coverage came in six outlets – the Associated Press, Politico, New York Times, Washington Post, USA Today, and Christian Science Monitor. (The Wall Street Journal was not included because its articles are not publicly searchable).
Unsurprisingly, a majority of their quotes supported fossil fuel sources while attacking clean energy or environmental support, often using similar messaging:
- 43% attacked environmental or energy regulations
- 18% attacked clean energy technologies
- 17% promoted fossil fuels
Context is Key, Disclosure is Not
While this may not seem like an overwhelming amount of media mentions, a little context puts the situation into perspective. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a decades-old federally funded entity created to advance energy technology, was only mentioned 236 times in the same publications that mentioned the fossil-fuel interests 1,010 over the same period.But the large amount of pro-fossil coverage wouldn’t be unfair except for one major fact – the quoted spokespeople or media outlets only disclosed financial ties to fossil fuel interests 6% of the time. In more than half of all coverage (53%), media outlets only mentioned the organization by name, with another third of mentions only including vague ideology (conservative, 17%; free market, 8%; libertarian, 6%).
Difficult Problem, Simple Solution
Add it all up, and a sinister picture becomes clear: the fossil fuel industry provides direct funding to select policy analysts, who use similar messaging to promote fossil fuels while attacking clean energy, across the most influential newspapers in America, without disclosing funding sources that compel their positions.And the worst part is, it’s working. Credible estimates of federal fossil fuel subsidies approach $52 billion annually, while clean energy funding mechanisms like the Production Tax Credit are left to wither on the vine. Media coverage isn’t solely to blame — lobbying absolutely plays a role — but it’s a big aspect in how policymakers determine positions.
Fortunately, one simple solution to this problem exists – transparent disclosure of funding sources from spokespeople. Checks and Balances advocates media ask one question for quoted sources: “Do you get money, directly or indirectly, from interests that stand to benefit from what you are saying?”
That’s a question worth asking. But my money’s on these fossil-funded spokespeople avoiding the answer.
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International news - English
Saturday, 29 December 2012
日本太阳能补助费率传明年砍15~25%
根据太阳能业者预估,日本2013年下砍太阳能补助费率的机率相当高。目前日本市场传闻较普遍的补助下砍幅度从目前的42日圆降至36或32日圆不等,平均跌幅达到15~25%,实行时间可能是3月或7月,所以,2013年第1季也成为补助下砍前的强力赶搭潮。
若依日本太阳光发电协会(JPEA)的资料显示,目前日本的补助费率,至少可以让系统的投资报酬率(FIT)维持在6%以上。为了有效供应电力,原则上倾向维持3年相当的补助水位,即使电价买回费率每年都会检讨及调整。
日本经济产业省12月中所公布的资料显示,2012年4月以来,日本累积太阳能系统安装量达到14亿瓦。其中住宅专案安装量为10.27亿瓦,非住宅 项目的安装总量是371百万瓦(MWp)。自7月实施FIT以来,太阳能系统安装热络度高升,预估日本2012年年度的住宅太阳能系统专案安装将达到15 亿瓦,非住宅太阳能系统安装将达到500MWp,全年总安装量将达到20亿瓦。
http://www.pvnews.cn/hangyezhengce/2012-10-15/53380.html
若依日本太阳光发电协会(JPEA)的资料显示,目前日本的补助费率,至少可以让系统的投资报酬率(FIT)维持在6%以上。为了有效供应电力,原则上倾向维持3年相当的补助水位,即使电价买回费率每年都会检讨及调整。
日本经济产业省12月中所公布的资料显示,2012年4月以来,日本累积太阳能系统安装量达到14亿瓦。其中住宅专案安装量为10.27亿瓦,非住宅 项目的安装总量是371百万瓦(MWp)。自7月实施FIT以来,太阳能系统安装热络度高升,预估日本2012年年度的住宅太阳能系统专案安装将达到15 亿瓦,非住宅太阳能系统安装将达到500MWp,全年总安装量将达到20亿瓦。
http://www.pvnews.cn/hangyezhengce/2012-10-15/53380.html
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中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
台湾太阳能公司十二月份营收可能下降
欧美天气以及放假等原因可能导致台湾太阳能公司12月份营收下降。
一些公司在一月份营收会出现反弹,尽管不是销售旺季但是公司的业绩却不会差。太阳能电池制造商表示:他们能接收到订单,但是价格很低。
台湾一级太阳能公司十一月份几乎达到满产。但是这些公司都指出:由于客户放假,12月份的订单以及产能利用率将会下降。台湾新日光能源科技公司指出:十二月份公司的产能利用率和11月份持平,大约在70%。
台湾太阳能制造商表示:日本、美国以及中国大陆的订单显示了行业的复苏迹象,并预计到2013年一月份公司差能利用率将会回升。
太阳能制造商表示:由于中国大陆光伏组件价格稳定,太阳能制造商坚持拒绝接受报价低的订单。但是,价格一直低于生产成本,因此行业已经连续几个季度出现亏损。
http://www.pvnews.cn/guangfucaijing/2012-12-27/62546.html
一些公司在一月份营收会出现反弹,尽管不是销售旺季但是公司的业绩却不会差。太阳能电池制造商表示:他们能接收到订单,但是价格很低。
台湾一级太阳能公司十一月份几乎达到满产。但是这些公司都指出:由于客户放假,12月份的订单以及产能利用率将会下降。台湾新日光能源科技公司指出:十二月份公司的产能利用率和11月份持平,大约在70%。
台湾太阳能制造商表示:日本、美国以及中国大陆的订单显示了行业的复苏迹象,并预计到2013年一月份公司差能利用率将会回升。
太阳能制造商表示:由于中国大陆光伏组件价格稳定,太阳能制造商坚持拒绝接受报价低的订单。但是,价格一直低于生产成本,因此行业已经连续几个季度出现亏损。
http://www.pvnews.cn/guangfucaijing/2012-12-27/62546.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
2012年中国太阳能行业新动向
开发商、制造商、投资商以及其他再生能源利益相关方需要知道下个大市场来自哪里,这样他们才可以相应的调整其商业决定。
太阳能行业"变向"
尽管应对产能过剩以及以及全球经济不景气对国际市场造成的影响,中国太阳能行业第三季度增长迅速。但是,这不是过去五年来供应链壮大式推动的增长,而是世 界上太阳能制造最大经济体的即将到来的黎明。人们都知道中国寻求扩大国内市场需求解决供给过剩以及产品价格下降的问题。但是第三季表明,中国政府打算采取 政策兑现政府的承诺。
在2012年第三季度,中国能源局批准了到2015年实现21GW以及2020年50GW的新太阳能装机容量目标,这个目标是雄心勃勃的,而且一些是市场 评论人员表示:根据目前的增长率计算,到2015年以及2020年,可能会分别达到30GW以及100GW。
在第三季度,出现了明确的信号,这就是市场整合成为政府应对供给过剩以及促进国内市场项目开发的主要策略。中国国家开发银行已经再次重申将支持12家光伏 企业。向其他公司,尤其像那些扩大产能公司的贷款将受到严格控制。尽管贷款清单还未确认,但是中国十大一级太阳能制造商的几家公司也没有包括在享受贷款资 格的初步公布的清单上。作为市场重组的一部分,中国国家开发银行将支持一些大型太阳能公司收购一些小型太阳能公司。
GTM Research在10月份发布的一篇报告预计:到2015年,全球有大约180光伏组件制造商将成为行业并购的受害者,而其中将有54家为中国企业。
也许最能表明政府将转移支持将其从太阳能板制造商转向太阳能项目开发商意图的最明显的证据就是:为Sky Solar Holdings进行了短款延期。Sky Solar Holdings是位于上海的光伏项目开发商。该信贷工具包括股票、债务、贷款、租赁、债券、证券,进一步显示:银行将会把项目开发、建设以及管理的融资 作为工作的第一首要任务。
虽然此阶段重组的目的是为了稳定中国的太阳能行业,因此有潜力此轮重组有潜力创造一个中长期增长平台,而且也将迫使制造商和投资者去寻找其他投资机会。在今年,中国的太阳能公司在非洲以及南非洲也开发了大量的项目。
分布式电站获扶持
在第三季度,出现了很多对中国分布式光伏系统的利好消息。中国国家能源局打算提高分布式光伏电站的装机容量目标,并已下令要求每个省安装500MW分布式电站。这将会让中国光伏发电总装机容量增加超过15GW。
中国国家电网在10月份表示将从2012年11月份以后对装机容量小于6MW的分布式光伏电站提供免费并网服务。中国政府计划对分布式光伏电站项目进行0.6元/兆瓦时的补贴。
贸易战继续
中国商务部在11月份初宣布已经开始对欧洲公司是否倾销多晶硅以及接受非法补贴进行调查。之前,欧洲太阳能制造商在第三季度初期对中国太阳能制造商提出诉 讼,而最终导致了欧委会正式对中国太阳能制造商进行双反调查。欧委会有9个月时间来决定是否征收为期半年的临时反倾销关税,而欧洲各国政府有15个月时间 决定是否征收为期5年的关税。
在2012年第三季中,中美贸易战也出现了有趣的进展。在中国向世界贸易组织提交了申诉称美国对中国太阳能产品提交的反倾销关税范围了贸易规则后,世界贸易组织同意组建一个国际专家组进行调查。
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyepinglun/2012-12-27/62548.html
太阳能行业"变向"
尽管应对产能过剩以及以及全球经济不景气对国际市场造成的影响,中国太阳能行业第三季度增长迅速。但是,这不是过去五年来供应链壮大式推动的增长,而是世 界上太阳能制造最大经济体的即将到来的黎明。人们都知道中国寻求扩大国内市场需求解决供给过剩以及产品价格下降的问题。但是第三季表明,中国政府打算采取 政策兑现政府的承诺。
在2012年第三季度,中国能源局批准了到2015年实现21GW以及2020年50GW的新太阳能装机容量目标,这个目标是雄心勃勃的,而且一些是市场 评论人员表示:根据目前的增长率计算,到2015年以及2020年,可能会分别达到30GW以及100GW。
在第三季度,出现了明确的信号,这就是市场整合成为政府应对供给过剩以及促进国内市场项目开发的主要策略。中国国家开发银行已经再次重申将支持12家光伏 企业。向其他公司,尤其像那些扩大产能公司的贷款将受到严格控制。尽管贷款清单还未确认,但是中国十大一级太阳能制造商的几家公司也没有包括在享受贷款资 格的初步公布的清单上。作为市场重组的一部分,中国国家开发银行将支持一些大型太阳能公司收购一些小型太阳能公司。
GTM Research在10月份发布的一篇报告预计:到2015年,全球有大约180光伏组件制造商将成为行业并购的受害者,而其中将有54家为中国企业。
也许最能表明政府将转移支持将其从太阳能板制造商转向太阳能项目开发商意图的最明显的证据就是:为Sky Solar Holdings进行了短款延期。Sky Solar Holdings是位于上海的光伏项目开发商。该信贷工具包括股票、债务、贷款、租赁、债券、证券,进一步显示:银行将会把项目开发、建设以及管理的融资 作为工作的第一首要任务。
虽然此阶段重组的目的是为了稳定中国的太阳能行业,因此有潜力此轮重组有潜力创造一个中长期增长平台,而且也将迫使制造商和投资者去寻找其他投资机会。在今年,中国的太阳能公司在非洲以及南非洲也开发了大量的项目。
分布式电站获扶持
在第三季度,出现了很多对中国分布式光伏系统的利好消息。中国国家能源局打算提高分布式光伏电站的装机容量目标,并已下令要求每个省安装500MW分布式电站。这将会让中国光伏发电总装机容量增加超过15GW。
中国国家电网在10月份表示将从2012年11月份以后对装机容量小于6MW的分布式光伏电站提供免费并网服务。中国政府计划对分布式光伏电站项目进行0.6元/兆瓦时的补贴。
贸易战继续
中国商务部在11月份初宣布已经开始对欧洲公司是否倾销多晶硅以及接受非法补贴进行调查。之前,欧洲太阳能制造商在第三季度初期对中国太阳能制造商提出诉 讼,而最终导致了欧委会正式对中国太阳能制造商进行双反调查。欧委会有9个月时间来决定是否征收为期半年的临时反倾销关税,而欧洲各国政府有15个月时间 决定是否征收为期5年的关税。
在2012年第三季中,中美贸易战也出现了有趣的进展。在中国向世界贸易组织提交了申诉称美国对中国太阳能产品提交的反倾销关税范围了贸易规则后,世界贸易组织同意组建一个国际专家组进行调查。
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyepinglun/2012-12-27/62548.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
IRENA与迪拜就可再生能源部署签署谅解备忘录
2012年12月19日,迪拜水电局(DEWA)宣布已与国际可再生能源机构(International Renewable Energy Agency,IRENA)签署一项谅解备忘录(MoU)。
该谅解备忘录旨在促进可再生能源部署,并进一步加强迪拜可持续环境的地位。
据谅解备忘录条款,DEWA与IRENA将联合制定并实施政策与战略,加快可再生能源的发展。
DEWA董事长兼首席执行官Saeed Mohammed AlTayer表示:“这份谅解备忘录为双方提供合作框架,旨在促进可再生能源部署与支持政策战略的制定实施。
DEWA首席执行官AlTayer表示MoU提供合作框架,旨在促进可再生能源部署
AlTayer补充道:“本次签署的谅解备忘录支持迪拜2030年综合能源战略。该能源战略由迪拜最高能源委员会制定,旨在促进2030年迪拜能源组合目 标的实现。该目标即至2030年,迪拜能源组合中天然气占比71%、核能12%、清洁煤炭12%、太阳能5%。”
http://www.pvnews.cn/hangyezhengce/2012-12-27/62550.html
该谅解备忘录旨在促进可再生能源部署,并进一步加强迪拜可持续环境的地位。
据谅解备忘录条款,DEWA与IRENA将联合制定并实施政策与战略,加快可再生能源的发展。
DEWA董事长兼首席执行官Saeed Mohammed AlTayer表示:“这份谅解备忘录为双方提供合作框架,旨在促进可再生能源部署与支持政策战略的制定实施。
DEWA首席执行官AlTayer表示MoU提供合作框架,旨在促进可再生能源部署
AlTayer补充道:“本次签署的谅解备忘录支持迪拜2030年综合能源战略。该能源战略由迪拜最高能源委员会制定,旨在促进2030年迪拜能源组合目 标的实现。该目标即至2030年,迪拜能源组合中天然气占比71%、核能12%、清洁煤炭12%、太阳能5%。”
http://www.pvnews.cn/hangyezhengce/2012-12-27/62550.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
光伏发电大规模进入农村市场
为促进光伏行业健康发展,中央财政日前拨付70亿元资金,支持启动光伏发电应用示范3157兆瓦。加上年初拨付60亿元启动的1930兆瓦,2012年中央财政共拨付资金130亿元,支持启动光伏发电国内应用的总规模达到5200兆瓦,极大地推动了国内光伏发电应用示范。
据了解,为响应国家号召,工信部正在牵头组织制定一项主题为“光伏下乡”的计划,旨在推动太阳能光伏发电大规模进入农村市场,搭乘未来城镇化建设的“顺风 车”。据了解,目前全国标准化的农业大棚面积达5000万亩,如果全部建成光伏一体化系统,意味着将拉动2500亿元规模的农村市场。
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyepinglun/2012-12-27/62551.html
据了解,为响应国家号召,工信部正在牵头组织制定一项主题为“光伏下乡”的计划,旨在推动太阳能光伏发电大规模进入农村市场,搭乘未来城镇化建设的“顺风 车”。据了解,目前全国标准化的农业大棚面积达5000万亩,如果全部建成光伏一体化系统,意味着将拉动2500亿元规模的农村市场。
http://www.pvnews.cn/chanyepinglun/2012-12-27/62551.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
中节能镇江太阳能公司双玻光伏组件顺利投产
为适应市场的需求,突出产品差异化、特色化,中节能镇江太阳能公司司自加压力,集中力量进行新型产品——双玻组件的开发。经过几个月的奋战,技术
部、研发中心、生产部、设备管理部等相关部门密切配合、攻坚克难,双玻组件顺利实现投产。目前,双玻组件生产趋于稳定,并保持较高的优质率。
研发过程中,共取得了2项发明专利、3项实用新型专利等技术成果,大大降低了双玻组件生产过程中的人员消耗,生产效率有效提高25%以上。
http://www.pvnews.cn/kejiqingbao/2012-12-27/62552.html
研发过程中,共取得了2项发明专利、3项实用新型专利等技术成果,大大降低了双玻组件生产过程中的人员消耗,生产效率有效提高25%以上。
http://www.pvnews.cn/kejiqingbao/2012-12-27/62552.html
Ετικέτες
中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
Chris Eberspacher:继续革新太阳能技术
"对所有参与太阳能的同业者而言,一旦停驻创新的脚步,很可能在明天的市场竞争中被淘汰,这注定了我们必须始终坚持太阳能技术方面的不断革新。"韩华新能源(Hanwha SolarOne)首席技术官Chris Eberspacher直言不讳地称。
的确,太阳能产业的成长动力主要来自日新月异的技术,对技术研发的人力物力投资更是举足轻重。Chris Eberspacher指出,只有在努力提高太阳能电池效率和品质的同时,确保对原材料的可持续利用,才能在竞争激烈的市场中长期立足。
在全球众多太阳能公司中,成立于2004年的韩华新能源算是后起之秀,在其母公司韩国韩华集团这个强有力资金后盾的帮助下,韩华新能源以提供关注整体而非局部的全方位太阳能解决方案的姿态占据一方天地。
事实上,越来越多的太阳能供应商充分认识到投资技术的重要性,纷纷在寻求创新的解决方案上投入大量时间和资金,以提升电池效率或简化生产流程等。
Chris Eberspacher认为,薄硅片光伏技术有望成为未来太阳能产品市场的宠儿。"在开发太阳能组件时,生产商总是在提高电池效率和降低生产成本之间左右 为难,为了降低价格,生产商往往不得不牺牲电池效率,对于如何在两者间实现完美平衡,一直都是我们共同致力的方向。"他说,"以薄膜光伏电池为例,由于其 耗材较少,生产流程又比较简单,近年来迅速获得竞争优势,但其效率水平却尚未达到传统硅片的程度。"
针对这一情况,业内正全力开展薄硅片光伏领域研究,这与薄膜电池并不完全一样,其本身仍被视为一种硅片,只是要比今天所使用的硅片薄得多,也因其薄,所以需要基板提供支撑。
据Chris Eberspacher介绍,薄硅片光伏技术拥有更低成本、更高效率、更高电转化率等要素。在成本方面,该技术所使用的硅材料比传统硅片的所需材料大幅减 少,进一步降低成本投入,而其对所采用的硅进行了更为充分地利用,从而提升了产品性能,此外,该技术对硅的使用效率很高,能够产生更多的电能。
为了配合类似该技术的研发,韩华新能源目前在美国加利福尼亚的硅谷设立了其第3个研发中心,重点关注新材料、太阳能电池新概念和晶体硅太阳能电池产品等, 同时还加大了对诸如Plasma ProSystem100系统和Singulus Singular等类似设备的投资力度,以确保晶体硅研究条件的日臻完善。
除了在美国硅谷部署高级研发实验室,韩华新能源在韩国大田也建立了太阳能研发中心,另外还在中国启东成立了工程技术中心。这座位于中国的研究中心重点关注持续的成本效率提升及工艺改进,以确保在提供各色优质服务的同时,保持价格方面的竞争优势。
此外,Chris Eberspacher补充称,与同业伙伴开展合作,是技术和产品创新的有力保障。日前,韩华新能源与美国储能公司Silent Power达成了"SunBank"合作协议,SunBank系统包括了并网能源站、太阳能组件和能源存储系统,可在任何时间自由选择使用太阳能发电能源 及传统电网能源。双方通过把能源存储设备与太阳能光伏面板相整合,保证了太阳能的发电过程不会因为停电而中断;另外在用电高峰期,还可调用已存储的电力进 行运作。
Chris Eberspacher透露:"除了拥有综合性控制和监测等功能,SunBank系统还将为整个电网带来裨益,其通过监测太阳能系统电力输出的波动,能够 有效地缓解传统电网的压力。"据悉,SunBank系统分为两种规格,即针对住宅市场输出功率为5-10千瓦,能源存储量为10-20千瓦时的产品,和针 对轻型商用市场输出功率为10-30千瓦,总能源存储量为20-60千瓦时的产品。
http://www.pvnews.cn/renwufangtan/2012-12-27/62554.html
的确,太阳能产业的成长动力主要来自日新月异的技术,对技术研发的人力物力投资更是举足轻重。Chris Eberspacher指出,只有在努力提高太阳能电池效率和品质的同时,确保对原材料的可持续利用,才能在竞争激烈的市场中长期立足。
在全球众多太阳能公司中,成立于2004年的韩华新能源算是后起之秀,在其母公司韩国韩华集团这个强有力资金后盾的帮助下,韩华新能源以提供关注整体而非局部的全方位太阳能解决方案的姿态占据一方天地。
事实上,越来越多的太阳能供应商充分认识到投资技术的重要性,纷纷在寻求创新的解决方案上投入大量时间和资金,以提升电池效率或简化生产流程等。
Chris Eberspacher认为,薄硅片光伏技术有望成为未来太阳能产品市场的宠儿。"在开发太阳能组件时,生产商总是在提高电池效率和降低生产成本之间左右 为难,为了降低价格,生产商往往不得不牺牲电池效率,对于如何在两者间实现完美平衡,一直都是我们共同致力的方向。"他说,"以薄膜光伏电池为例,由于其 耗材较少,生产流程又比较简单,近年来迅速获得竞争优势,但其效率水平却尚未达到传统硅片的程度。"
针对这一情况,业内正全力开展薄硅片光伏领域研究,这与薄膜电池并不完全一样,其本身仍被视为一种硅片,只是要比今天所使用的硅片薄得多,也因其薄,所以需要基板提供支撑。
据Chris Eberspacher介绍,薄硅片光伏技术拥有更低成本、更高效率、更高电转化率等要素。在成本方面,该技术所使用的硅材料比传统硅片的所需材料大幅减 少,进一步降低成本投入,而其对所采用的硅进行了更为充分地利用,从而提升了产品性能,此外,该技术对硅的使用效率很高,能够产生更多的电能。
为了配合类似该技术的研发,韩华新能源目前在美国加利福尼亚的硅谷设立了其第3个研发中心,重点关注新材料、太阳能电池新概念和晶体硅太阳能电池产品等, 同时还加大了对诸如Plasma ProSystem100系统和Singulus Singular等类似设备的投资力度,以确保晶体硅研究条件的日臻完善。
除了在美国硅谷部署高级研发实验室,韩华新能源在韩国大田也建立了太阳能研发中心,另外还在中国启东成立了工程技术中心。这座位于中国的研究中心重点关注持续的成本效率提升及工艺改进,以确保在提供各色优质服务的同时,保持价格方面的竞争优势。
此外,Chris Eberspacher补充称,与同业伙伴开展合作,是技术和产品创新的有力保障。日前,韩华新能源与美国储能公司Silent Power达成了"SunBank"合作协议,SunBank系统包括了并网能源站、太阳能组件和能源存储系统,可在任何时间自由选择使用太阳能发电能源 及传统电网能源。双方通过把能源存储设备与太阳能光伏面板相整合,保证了太阳能的发电过程不会因为停电而中断;另外在用电高峰期,还可调用已存储的电力进 行运作。
Chris Eberspacher透露:"除了拥有综合性控制和监测等功能,SunBank系统还将为整个电网带来裨益,其通过监测太阳能系统电力输出的波动,能够 有效地缓解传统电网的压力。"据悉,SunBank系统分为两种规格,即针对住宅市场输出功率为5-10千瓦,能源存储量为10-20千瓦时的产品,和针 对轻型商用市场输出功率为10-30千瓦,总能源存储量为20-60千瓦时的产品。
http://www.pvnews.cn/renwufangtan/2012-12-27/62554.html
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中国新闻 - 日本のニュース
Vote for the top energy stories of 2012
Original link for voting: http://www.consumerenergyreport.com/2012/12/24/vote-for-the-top-energy-stories-of-2012/
By Robert Rapier on Dec 24, 2012 with 6 responses
Vote for the Top Energy Stories of 2012
The revolution in US oil and gas production continues
The fracking revolution in the US continued, with oil production at its highest level since 1998 and dry natural gas production at an all-time high. President Obama became the first president since LBJ to serve in office during four consecutive years of increasing US oil production. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projected that by 2020 the US will become the world’s largest oil producer. They also projected that the US would become a net oil exporter again by 2030, which would be the first time that has happened since the 1940s.
India blackouts leaves 680 million people in the dark
India’s overburdened power grid failed, resulting in the largest power outage in history. Three regional grids collapsed, cutting power to an astounding 680 million people. The country’s rail system was paralyzed, and there were major traffic jams in cities affected by the blackouts.
President Obama rejects Keystone XL extension, endorses southern leg
When it looked like the Obama Administration was headed toward approving the Keystone XL Pipeline project in 2011, environmentalists organized protests at the White House against the “tyranny of oil.” The President bowed to the pressure, and announced that it would be impossible to make a decision on the project before the 2012 presidential election. In January Republicans passed a provision that forced the administration to make a decision, which resulted in the State Department rejecting the application for Keystone XL extension due to insufficient time to study the project. However, during a campaign appearance in Oklahoma, the president endorsed the southern portion of the pipeline that would connect Oklahoma to the Gulf Coast, announcing that he would “cut through the red tape, break through the bureaucratic hurdles, and make this project a priority.”
BP settlements
BP (NYSE: BP) settled criminal charges with the US government over the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill for $4.5 billion, and a US District Judge in New Orleans approved a $7.8 billion settlement from BP to cover claims of economic and environmental loss. The US Environmental Protection Agency also suspended BP from bidding on new federal contracts as a result of the company’s actions leading to and following the oil spill.
Rigs shifting from natural gas to oil
Because oil production has been more profitable than natural gas in recent years, there has been a huge swing in rotary rigs from drilling for natural gas to drilling for oil. This trend continued in 2012 as natural gas rigs fell to their lowest numbers in over a decade. In 2009 nearly 80% of North American rotary rigs were drilling for natural gas. By 2012, nearly 80% of those rigs were drilling for oil.
California implements cap and trade
California implemented the first legally binding greenhouse gas (GHG) cap-and-trade program in the US. The program covers the state’s major sources of GHG emissions power plants, refineries, and industrial facilities. The program is intended to to reduce California’s greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. NASA scientist and climate change activist James Hansen criticized the program for not going far enough, calling it “half-baked” and stating that “It’s certain that it won’t be effective.”
California gasoline shortage
An August refinery fire at Chevron’s (NYSE: CVX) 245,000 bbl/day Richmond, California refinery resulted in a shortage of gasoline in the state. The situation worsened due to an unplanned outage at an ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM) refinery in Torrance. A gasoline shortage in the state ensued because refineries in most surrounding states do not meet California’s restrictive specifications. California’s gasoline prices spiked relative to the rest of the country, and some stations ran completely out of fuel. California Governor Jerry Brown attempted to alleviate the shortage by ordering an immediate transition to the less costly winter gasoline blends.
Sanctions on Iran
The US and EU targeted Iran’s oil income as a result of their continued nuclear program. The sanctions cut into Iran’s crude oil exports, which account for the majority of the Iranian government’s revenues. Iran’s oil revenues were cut in half as a result of the sanctions, but global crude oil prices were largely unaffected as increased oil production in other countries picked up the slack.
Obama reelection
President Barack Obama was reelected for a second term, which means that the energy policies of his first term are likely to continue. This was generally viewed as good news for renewable energy, bad news for the coal industry, and mildly bad news for the oil industry — even though the oil industry didn’t do too badly during President Obama’s first term.
US carbon emissions plummet
Coal consumption in the US continued to fall because new supplies of natural gas are displacing coal in power plants. The change has been so dramatic that since 2006, the U.S. has been the world leader in reducing carbon dioxide emissions since natural gas emits less carbon dioxide per unit of power produced. US carbon dioxide emissions have fallen to a 20-year low as a result.
China in North America’s oil sands
China has long held ambitions with respect to North American resources. In 2005, China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited (CNOOC) made a takeover bid for U.S.-based Unocal, which was the 9th largest U.S. energy company. The bid ran into serious political opposition, and was ultimately withdrawn. Having learned valuable lessons from their Unocal experience, in 2012 CNOOC made a successful $15 billion bid to take over the Canadian oil company Nexen. The deal is the largest-ever acquisition by a Chinese company, and gives China a more active presence in Canada’s oil sands. (China has already made investments totaling nearly $3 billion in Canada). Although approving the bid, the Canadian government also stated that future deals would only be approved under exceptional circumstances.
Hurricane Sandy and the aftermath
Hurricane Sandy struck the Eastern seaboard in October, leaving millions without power. In the aftermath of the hurricane, there were widespread gasoline shortages, leading to 1970s-era gasoline rationing in New York and New Jersey.
New CAFE standards doubled to 54.5 MPG by 2025
The Obama administration announced tough new regulations that call for a near doubling of fuel economy by 2025 to 54.5 miles per gallon. The National Automobile Dealers Association criticized the new standards, stating that they would raise the average price of a new vehicle by nearly $3,000 and would make new cars unaffordable for nearly 7 million people.
EPA rejects RFS waiver request
With the worst drought in the Midwest in many years threatening the US corn crop, many groups called on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to waive part of the mandated ethanol volumes under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). The Washington Post even weighed in on the debate by calling on EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson to “ameliorate the situation by waiving all or part of the current-year ethanol mandate. In November, long after the worst effects of the drought had passed, the EPA finally rejected the proposed waiver.
Low natural gas prices stimulate US economy
For many years, industries that depend on natural gas as a major input have been leaving the US in search of cheaper gas supplies. These industries include chemical companies and fertilizer manufacturers. Low natural gas prices have led to a resurgence in interest in projects in the US. The New York Times reported that Dow Chemical has identified 91 new manufacturing projects representing potentially $70 billion in new investments and up to three million jobs that companies have started or proposed as a result of cheap natural gas. A report from the Yale Graduates Energy Study Group indicated that in 2010 cheap gas provided a net benefit to the US economy in excess of $100 billion.
http://www.consumerenergyreport.com/2012/12/24/vote-for-the-top-energy-stories-of-2012/
The fracking revolution in the US continued, with oil production at its highest level since 1998 and dry natural gas production at an all-time high. President Obama became the first president since LBJ to serve in office during four consecutive years of increasing US oil production. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projected that by 2020 the US will become the world’s largest oil producer. They also projected that the US would become a net oil exporter again by 2030, which would be the first time that has happened since the 1940s.
India blackouts leaves 680 million people in the dark
India’s overburdened power grid failed, resulting in the largest power outage in history. Three regional grids collapsed, cutting power to an astounding 680 million people. The country’s rail system was paralyzed, and there were major traffic jams in cities affected by the blackouts.
President Obama rejects Keystone XL extension, endorses southern leg
When it looked like the Obama Administration was headed toward approving the Keystone XL Pipeline project in 2011, environmentalists organized protests at the White House against the “tyranny of oil.” The President bowed to the pressure, and announced that it would be impossible to make a decision on the project before the 2012 presidential election. In January Republicans passed a provision that forced the administration to make a decision, which resulted in the State Department rejecting the application for Keystone XL extension due to insufficient time to study the project. However, during a campaign appearance in Oklahoma, the president endorsed the southern portion of the pipeline that would connect Oklahoma to the Gulf Coast, announcing that he would “cut through the red tape, break through the bureaucratic hurdles, and make this project a priority.”
BP settlements
BP (NYSE: BP) settled criminal charges with the US government over the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill for $4.5 billion, and a US District Judge in New Orleans approved a $7.8 billion settlement from BP to cover claims of economic and environmental loss. The US Environmental Protection Agency also suspended BP from bidding on new federal contracts as a result of the company’s actions leading to and following the oil spill.
Rigs shifting from natural gas to oil
Because oil production has been more profitable than natural gas in recent years, there has been a huge swing in rotary rigs from drilling for natural gas to drilling for oil. This trend continued in 2012 as natural gas rigs fell to their lowest numbers in over a decade. In 2009 nearly 80% of North American rotary rigs were drilling for natural gas. By 2012, nearly 80% of those rigs were drilling for oil.
California implements cap and trade
California implemented the first legally binding greenhouse gas (GHG) cap-and-trade program in the US. The program covers the state’s major sources of GHG emissions power plants, refineries, and industrial facilities. The program is intended to to reduce California’s greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. NASA scientist and climate change activist James Hansen criticized the program for not going far enough, calling it “half-baked” and stating that “It’s certain that it won’t be effective.”
California gasoline shortage
An August refinery fire at Chevron’s (NYSE: CVX) 245,000 bbl/day Richmond, California refinery resulted in a shortage of gasoline in the state. The situation worsened due to an unplanned outage at an ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM) refinery in Torrance. A gasoline shortage in the state ensued because refineries in most surrounding states do not meet California’s restrictive specifications. California’s gasoline prices spiked relative to the rest of the country, and some stations ran completely out of fuel. California Governor Jerry Brown attempted to alleviate the shortage by ordering an immediate transition to the less costly winter gasoline blends.
Sanctions on Iran
The US and EU targeted Iran’s oil income as a result of their continued nuclear program. The sanctions cut into Iran’s crude oil exports, which account for the majority of the Iranian government’s revenues. Iran’s oil revenues were cut in half as a result of the sanctions, but global crude oil prices were largely unaffected as increased oil production in other countries picked up the slack.
Obama reelection
President Barack Obama was reelected for a second term, which means that the energy policies of his first term are likely to continue. This was generally viewed as good news for renewable energy, bad news for the coal industry, and mildly bad news for the oil industry — even though the oil industry didn’t do too badly during President Obama’s first term.
US carbon emissions plummet
Coal consumption in the US continued to fall because new supplies of natural gas are displacing coal in power plants. The change has been so dramatic that since 2006, the U.S. has been the world leader in reducing carbon dioxide emissions since natural gas emits less carbon dioxide per unit of power produced. US carbon dioxide emissions have fallen to a 20-year low as a result.
China in North America’s oil sands
China has long held ambitions with respect to North American resources. In 2005, China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited (CNOOC) made a takeover bid for U.S.-based Unocal, which was the 9th largest U.S. energy company. The bid ran into serious political opposition, and was ultimately withdrawn. Having learned valuable lessons from their Unocal experience, in 2012 CNOOC made a successful $15 billion bid to take over the Canadian oil company Nexen. The deal is the largest-ever acquisition by a Chinese company, and gives China a more active presence in Canada’s oil sands. (China has already made investments totaling nearly $3 billion in Canada). Although approving the bid, the Canadian government also stated that future deals would only be approved under exceptional circumstances.
Hurricane Sandy and the aftermath
Hurricane Sandy struck the Eastern seaboard in October, leaving millions without power. In the aftermath of the hurricane, there were widespread gasoline shortages, leading to 1970s-era gasoline rationing in New York and New Jersey.
New CAFE standards doubled to 54.5 MPG by 2025
The Obama administration announced tough new regulations that call for a near doubling of fuel economy by 2025 to 54.5 miles per gallon. The National Automobile Dealers Association criticized the new standards, stating that they would raise the average price of a new vehicle by nearly $3,000 and would make new cars unaffordable for nearly 7 million people.
EPA rejects RFS waiver request
With the worst drought in the Midwest in many years threatening the US corn crop, many groups called on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to waive part of the mandated ethanol volumes under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). The Washington Post even weighed in on the debate by calling on EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson to “ameliorate the situation by waiving all or part of the current-year ethanol mandate. In November, long after the worst effects of the drought had passed, the EPA finally rejected the proposed waiver.
Low natural gas prices stimulate US economy
For many years, industries that depend on natural gas as a major input have been leaving the US in search of cheaper gas supplies. These industries include chemical companies and fertilizer manufacturers. Low natural gas prices have led to a resurgence in interest in projects in the US. The New York Times reported that Dow Chemical has identified 91 new manufacturing projects representing potentially $70 billion in new investments and up to three million jobs that companies have started or proposed as a result of cheap natural gas. A report from the Yale Graduates Energy Study Group indicated that in 2010 cheap gas provided a net benefit to the US economy in excess of $100 billion.
http://www.consumerenergyreport.com/2012/12/24/vote-for-the-top-energy-stories-of-2012/
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International news - English
Using thermodynamics & 100-year-old technology to break the $20 per MWh barrier
This is a guest post by one of our regular, cleantech-obsessed readers, David Fuchs. Clearly, David thinks he’s on to something big. Enjoy the article!
For years, the production of energy has fascinated me. Over the past 20 years, I have experimented with solar cells made via inkjet printer, a hydraulically coupled compressor and turbine based on Tesla’s turbine, vertical wind turbines, high-temperature cracking of water, high COP heat pumps, all the different varieties of Stirling engines, and many other energy projects. Continuously going back to old projects to incrementally improve them and make them perfect has been fun, except perfect is the enemy of finished.
The week long power outage here in New Jersey, after hurricane Sandy, made me realize that we need simple, scalable, cheap, and locally produced power. Removing all distractions and giving an engineer of German lineage a week to think on a problem often gets the problem solved. After pulling out the 7-pocket expanding file with all my past Stirling designs, a couple notepads, my favorite gel pens, a dry erase board, and some reference books, I began designing. As with any engineering project, you need to describe what you want to accomplish, and your limiting factors. Due to cost constraints, engineering is always compromise.
What is the goal?
An always-on (24 x 7 x 365) power supply that is inexpensive to produce, can be bulk produced with readily available materials, can be manufactured in any nation using 1950′s or earlier technology, and has a working lifespan greater than 20 years. (That sounds really simple, doesn’t it?)
What are the design criteria?
This system layout image represents the individual pieces and the energy flows between the individual components. The flow controller controls the heat distribution between components.
The system consists of six main components:
Solar Thermal Panels absorb the sun’s energy in the form of heat. The price for solar thermal panels averages $150 per square meter. Extrude plastic cased panels can reduce the cost to $33-$47 USD per square meter, with slightly lower efficiency.
Thermal Mass is a fancy engineering way of saying “insulated pile of dirt or bucket of water.” This is used to store the heat absorbed through the solar panels. The cost of this varies greatly. It can be dirt insulated all around with hay bales and covered with plastic (~$600 USD), four 2,500 gallon water tanks filled with water or sand (~$4,700 USD), a 9 x 20 shipping container insulated and filled with dirt or sand (~$1,100 USD), or an insulated hole in the ground (~$800 USD). This includes the cost of the aluminum tubing which runs from $1.50 to $2.00 per pound. There should be multiple thermal masses, or zones within a single thermal mass, each filled to thermal saturation in sequence.
Flow Controller is used to transfer liquid to and from each of the components. It is designed to keep as much heat in the system, and reuse the remaining heat as often as possible. When the system is energy saturated, or when there is no alternative, it will dump the energy out via the radiator. The multiple thermal masses or zones, at different temperatures, and external temperatures at different times of day, make waste heat reuse an efficient way to extract as much energy from the system as possible. This will run $150 to $300 USD.
Heat Radiator is used to radiate waste heat from the system, or as a heat sink when the system is saturated. This can be a standard aluminum fin radiator and fan, a cold body of water, a hole or trench in the ground with a pipe running into or through it, or any thing else at a lower temperature. The cost varies with type of radiator.
LTD Stirling is the key to this system. The design uses two separate heating and cooling chambers (upper and lower) with a shared piston. The volume is 9 cubic feet (68 gallons). It has 500 sq ft of radiator surface area (floor area of a large two car garage). It is 6.5 feet tall, 3.5 feet wide, and 3 feet deep. It can be vertically or rack mounted. And it is designed to produce up to 6 kW of power, but will be run at 3-4 kW for greater efficiency. The larger these units are, the greater the radiant surface area. The slower they run, the closer they can get to Carnot efficiencies. The full design specs are available here. These units can be daisy-chained together, one to the next. The cost of this device is between $180 and $350 USD.
Grid Synchronized Inverter allows you to attach to the power grid. These are now commodity items and the price for a UL Listed 5 kW unit is from $1,000 to $2,500 depending on manufacturer.
System Cost is based on the location and available kWh/m^2/day (kilowatt hours per meter squared per day) on the least sunny month of the year — for me, that is December. According to the NREL solar radiation manual for where I am, 50 miles south of New York City, that is 1.9 kWh/m^2/day. Over the period of a year, the power varies greatly from 1.9 – 6.2 kWh/m^2/day.
3 kW continuous output, over a 24-hour period, with 30% efficiency, requires we gather 240 kWh to produce the 72 kWh this system will produce over the period of a day. One of our design criteria is, we gather 2 – 3 times the power required for a given day. For safety, the further north you go, the higher the multiple should be. For where I am, it is ~2.5, for Texas 1.9 – 2, for Maine 3.0.
Panel Cost
600 kWh = 2.5 x 240 kWh
315.78 square meter = 600 kWh / 1.9 kWh/m^2/day
$10,428 = 315.78 sq meter * $33 per square meters
Other Costs
$1,100 – Thermal Mass (Shipping container or insulated hole in the ground)
$250 – Flow Controller
$200 – Heat Radiator
$250 – LTD Stirling
$1,500 – Grid Synchronized Inverter
$13,728 — Total Parts Cost
NOTE: None of these calculations take into account the reuse and recycling of the energy gathered, by cycling the energy into other zones or thermal masses at lower temperatures. (IE 90 C –> 60 C –> 30 C –> radiator, where “–>” is the LTD Stirling, and the temperatures are of different zones or thermal masses). Above are worst-case calculations.
Designing the system based on the day-to-day data for Newark, New Jersey over the same time period, taking into account energy reuse and smart energy management, we can reduce our multiple to 2 and only require 288 kWh worth of panels, reducing the panel cost to $5002.10 USD and the system cost to $8302 USD. With economies of scale and alternate production techniques, increasing the thermal efficiency of the panels (1), further cost reductions are possible, reducing the system cost another ~$3,000 USD, making the system cost approximately $5500 USD. The cost would be lower in southern states like FL, TX, AZ, southern CA.
Total Energy Output over the period of a day is 72 kWh of energy. With a lifespan a 25 years, the total power output is…
657,000 kWh = 25 year * 365 days * 24 hours * 3 kWh
657 MWh total energy produced over the lifespan of the Stirling.
Levelized Cost of Energy or LCOE is basically the the cost of the generating plant, fuel, and maintenance over its life span — minus subsidies — divided by the total energy generated over the period of a generators life span.
The LCOE for the first non-optimized design is $13,728 / 657 MWh or $20.89 USD per MWh. Optimizing just a little brings the LCOE to $8,302 / 657 MWh or $12.66 USD per MWh. Allowing for economies of scale, automation, home building techniques, reduced energy costs in manufacture, and other things this article didn’t have room for, gets the LCOE to $5,500 / 657 MWh or $8.37 USD per MWh.
Summary
Comparing the current cost of energy at ~$100 USD per MWh to a system based on a redesign of a 100 – 200 year old technology shows that sub $20 USD per MWh energy is possible with technology available today. It also shows that renewable energy can be far cheaper than fossil fuels with a little creativity.
David Fuchs is a classically trained engineer and programmer. He is involved in open sourcing, software, and hardware. Current interests: 3d printing and nanotechnology, predicting the future of technology, and low-cost power production in developing nations using material at hand. You can check out his website for more of his writing, and you can contact David on Google +
Read more at http://cleantechnica.com/2012/12/29/using-thermodynamics-100-year-old-technology-to-break-the-20-per-mwh-barrier/#MXRiStXSZfOgiD8h.99 For years, the production of energy has fascinated me. Over the past 20 years, I have experimented with solar cells made via inkjet printer, a hydraulically coupled compressor and turbine based on Tesla’s turbine, vertical wind turbines, high-temperature cracking of water, high COP heat pumps, all the different varieties of Stirling engines, and many other energy projects. Continuously going back to old projects to incrementally improve them and make them perfect has been fun, except perfect is the enemy of finished.
The week long power outage here in New Jersey, after hurricane Sandy, made me realize that we need simple, scalable, cheap, and locally produced power. Removing all distractions and giving an engineer of German lineage a week to think on a problem often gets the problem solved. After pulling out the 7-pocket expanding file with all my past Stirling designs, a couple notepads, my favorite gel pens, a dry erase board, and some reference books, I began designing. As with any engineering project, you need to describe what you want to accomplish, and your limiting factors. Due to cost constraints, engineering is always compromise.
What is the goal?
An always-on (24 x 7 x 365) power supply that is inexpensive to produce, can be bulk produced with readily available materials, can be manufactured in any nation using 1950′s or earlier technology, and has a working lifespan greater than 20 years. (That sounds really simple, doesn’t it?)
What are the design criteria?
- Low Temperature Differential (LTD) Stirling based design.
- All parts must be designed for high-speed manufacture and assembly.
- All materials used must be inexpensive and readily available.
- The Stirling design must have the least number of wear points possible.
- It must use inexpensive solar thermal panels for gathering energy.
- The solar panels must be easily produced in an automated fashion.
- It must have inexpensive (dirt cheap) energy storage.
- It must produce at least 3 kW of power continuously (24 x 7 x 365 x 20).
- On a daily basis, it must be capable of gathering two to three times the energy required for a 24-hour period, on the least sunny day of the year. (NREL solar radiation manual)
- It must be capable of storing the energy required for 3 to 5 days of continuous usage with no energy input.
- Any person with basic mechanical skills should be able to install the system.
- The total Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) must be under $20 per MWh.
This system layout image represents the individual pieces and the energy flows between the individual components. The flow controller controls the heat distribution between components.
The system consists of six main components:
- Solar thermal cells for gathering energy.
- An insulated thermal mass for storing the energy (dirt or water).
- A heat radiator for disposing of waste heat.
- An LTD Stirling engine for generating energy.
- A flow controller for for fluid flow, preventing energy loss from the system, and increasing efficiency.
- An inverter to connect to the grid and convert DC power from the generator to AC usable in your house and power grid.
Solar Thermal Panels absorb the sun’s energy in the form of heat. The price for solar thermal panels averages $150 per square meter. Extrude plastic cased panels can reduce the cost to $33-$47 USD per square meter, with slightly lower efficiency.
Thermal Mass is a fancy engineering way of saying “insulated pile of dirt or bucket of water.” This is used to store the heat absorbed through the solar panels. The cost of this varies greatly. It can be dirt insulated all around with hay bales and covered with plastic (~$600 USD), four 2,500 gallon water tanks filled with water or sand (~$4,700 USD), a 9 x 20 shipping container insulated and filled with dirt or sand (~$1,100 USD), or an insulated hole in the ground (~$800 USD). This includes the cost of the aluminum tubing which runs from $1.50 to $2.00 per pound. There should be multiple thermal masses, or zones within a single thermal mass, each filled to thermal saturation in sequence.
Flow Controller is used to transfer liquid to and from each of the components. It is designed to keep as much heat in the system, and reuse the remaining heat as often as possible. When the system is energy saturated, or when there is no alternative, it will dump the energy out via the radiator. The multiple thermal masses or zones, at different temperatures, and external temperatures at different times of day, make waste heat reuse an efficient way to extract as much energy from the system as possible. This will run $150 to $300 USD.
Heat Radiator is used to radiate waste heat from the system, or as a heat sink when the system is saturated. This can be a standard aluminum fin radiator and fan, a cold body of water, a hole or trench in the ground with a pipe running into or through it, or any thing else at a lower temperature. The cost varies with type of radiator.
LTD Stirling is the key to this system. The design uses two separate heating and cooling chambers (upper and lower) with a shared piston. The volume is 9 cubic feet (68 gallons). It has 500 sq ft of radiator surface area (floor area of a large two car garage). It is 6.5 feet tall, 3.5 feet wide, and 3 feet deep. It can be vertically or rack mounted. And it is designed to produce up to 6 kW of power, but will be run at 3-4 kW for greater efficiency. The larger these units are, the greater the radiant surface area. The slower they run, the closer they can get to Carnot efficiencies. The full design specs are available here. These units can be daisy-chained together, one to the next. The cost of this device is between $180 and $350 USD.
Grid Synchronized Inverter allows you to attach to the power grid. These are now commodity items and the price for a UL Listed 5 kW unit is from $1,000 to $2,500 depending on manufacturer.
System Cost is based on the location and available kWh/m^2/day (kilowatt hours per meter squared per day) on the least sunny month of the year — for me, that is December. According to the NREL solar radiation manual for where I am, 50 miles south of New York City, that is 1.9 kWh/m^2/day. Over the period of a year, the power varies greatly from 1.9 – 6.2 kWh/m^2/day.
3 kW continuous output, over a 24-hour period, with 30% efficiency, requires we gather 240 kWh to produce the 72 kWh this system will produce over the period of a day. One of our design criteria is, we gather 2 – 3 times the power required for a given day. For safety, the further north you go, the higher the multiple should be. For where I am, it is ~2.5, for Texas 1.9 – 2, for Maine 3.0.
Panel Cost
600 kWh = 2.5 x 240 kWh
315.78 square meter = 600 kWh / 1.9 kWh/m^2/day
$10,428 = 315.78 sq meter * $33 per square meters
Other Costs
$1,100 – Thermal Mass (Shipping container or insulated hole in the ground)
$250 – Flow Controller
$200 – Heat Radiator
$250 – LTD Stirling
$1,500 – Grid Synchronized Inverter
$13,728 — Total Parts Cost
NOTE: None of these calculations take into account the reuse and recycling of the energy gathered, by cycling the energy into other zones or thermal masses at lower temperatures. (IE 90 C –> 60 C –> 30 C –> radiator, where “–>” is the LTD Stirling, and the temperatures are of different zones or thermal masses). Above are worst-case calculations.
Designing the system based on the day-to-day data for Newark, New Jersey over the same time period, taking into account energy reuse and smart energy management, we can reduce our multiple to 2 and only require 288 kWh worth of panels, reducing the panel cost to $5002.10 USD and the system cost to $8302 USD. With economies of scale and alternate production techniques, increasing the thermal efficiency of the panels (1), further cost reductions are possible, reducing the system cost another ~$3,000 USD, making the system cost approximately $5500 USD. The cost would be lower in southern states like FL, TX, AZ, southern CA.
Total Energy Output over the period of a day is 72 kWh of energy. With a lifespan a 25 years, the total power output is…
657,000 kWh = 25 year * 365 days * 24 hours * 3 kWh
657 MWh total energy produced over the lifespan of the Stirling.
Levelized Cost of Energy or LCOE is basically the the cost of the generating plant, fuel, and maintenance over its life span — minus subsidies — divided by the total energy generated over the period of a generators life span.
The LCOE for the first non-optimized design is $13,728 / 657 MWh or $20.89 USD per MWh. Optimizing just a little brings the LCOE to $8,302 / 657 MWh or $12.66 USD per MWh. Allowing for economies of scale, automation, home building techniques, reduced energy costs in manufacture, and other things this article didn’t have room for, gets the LCOE to $5,500 / 657 MWh or $8.37 USD per MWh.
Summary
Comparing the current cost of energy at ~$100 USD per MWh to a system based on a redesign of a 100 – 200 year old technology shows that sub $20 USD per MWh energy is possible with technology available today. It also shows that renewable energy can be far cheaper than fossil fuels with a little creativity.
David Fuchs is a classically trained engineer and programmer. He is involved in open sourcing, software, and hardware. Current interests: 3d printing and nanotechnology, predicting the future of technology, and low-cost power production in developing nations using material at hand. You can check out his website for more of his writing, and you can contact David on Google +
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Negative european power prices seen Sunday through Thursday due to strong wind power supply
The European Energy Exchange has seen the price of electricity turn negative during certain hours of the day Sunday through Thursday of las week. This is largely due to a strong supply of wind power combined with relatively low electricity demand, which is partly triggered by warmer than average temperatures.
Negative prices are expected to return again Sunday through Tuesday.
We’ve reported on such occurrences before, but this is still something that I’m sure many people are unfamiliar with, so let’s run through a quick rehash:
On the wholesale electricity market, the lowest bidder looking to supply the grid with electricity wins. Since wind and solar power have fuel costs of $0, they can bid lower than coal, natural gas, nuclear, etc (which do have fuel costs) — naturally, this brings down the price of electricity on the wholesale market.
When the supply of solar and wind rises and electricity demand drops, the effect is strengthened.
Furthermore, with subsidies for wind and solar power production, wind and solar power producers can actually bid below $0 per unit of electricity and still make a profit. We’ve seen in happen in Germany due to high solar power production in the spring and summer, and we’ve seen it happen in Texas due to high wind power production, and it has happened many other places as well.
Wind, solar, and low demand aren’t the only causes of this phenomenon, however. Nuclear and hydro are also often implicated. Nuclear and hydro power plants can’t easily shut down or start up, so it may be more worth it to them to pay a little to put electricity on the grid for a short time than lose revenue from being shut down when it could be selling electricity for a profit.
Negative pricing isn’t that big of an issue, of course, but it’s an indicator of the rather noteworthy fact that wind and solar power drive down wholesale electricity prices. Unfortunately, that isn’t always passed on to retail electricity customers.
Read more at http://cleantechnica.com/2012/12/29/negative-european-power-prices-seen-sunday-through-thursday-due-to-strong-wind-power-supply/#Sl3RXSOVd2V6QgFa.99 Negative prices are expected to return again Sunday through Tuesday.
We’ve reported on such occurrences before, but this is still something that I’m sure many people are unfamiliar with, so let’s run through a quick rehash:
On the wholesale electricity market, the lowest bidder looking to supply the grid with electricity wins. Since wind and solar power have fuel costs of $0, they can bid lower than coal, natural gas, nuclear, etc (which do have fuel costs) — naturally, this brings down the price of electricity on the wholesale market.
When the supply of solar and wind rises and electricity demand drops, the effect is strengthened.
Furthermore, with subsidies for wind and solar power production, wind and solar power producers can actually bid below $0 per unit of electricity and still make a profit. We’ve seen in happen in Germany due to high solar power production in the spring and summer, and we’ve seen it happen in Texas due to high wind power production, and it has happened many other places as well.
Wind, solar, and low demand aren’t the only causes of this phenomenon, however. Nuclear and hydro are also often implicated. Nuclear and hydro power plants can’t easily shut down or start up, so it may be more worth it to them to pay a little to put electricity on the grid for a short time than lose revenue from being shut down when it could be selling electricity for a profit.
Negative pricing isn’t that big of an issue, of course, but it’s an indicator of the rather noteworthy fact that wind and solar power drive down wholesale electricity prices. Unfortunately, that isn’t always passed on to retail electricity customers.
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MidAmerican wind completes 300 MW of wind projects
MidAmerican Wind has announced the completion of two large wind projects: Pinyon Pines Wind I, and Pinyon Pines Wind II. This projects comprise 100 3MW Vestas wind turbines of the V90 model, and are located near Tehachapi, California.
“The completion of the Pinyon Pines Wind I and Pinyon Pines Wind II projects bring MidAmerican Wind’s renewable energy portfolio to 381 megawatts,” said Tom Budler, president of MidAmerican Wind. “We are pleased to have met our timeline for building the two projects and placing them in-service before year-end 2012.”
Southern California Edison will purchase electricity from the two wind farms pursuant to the terms of the PPA (Power Purchase Agreement).
Read more at http://cleantechnica.com/2012/12/29/midamerican-wind-completes-300-mw-of-wind-projects/#jya2TZ5z0775tEQ3.99 “The completion of the Pinyon Pines Wind I and Pinyon Pines Wind II projects bring MidAmerican Wind’s renewable energy portfolio to 381 megawatts,” said Tom Budler, president of MidAmerican Wind. “We are pleased to have met our timeline for building the two projects and placing them in-service before year-end 2012.”
Southern California Edison will purchase electricity from the two wind farms pursuant to the terms of the PPA (Power Purchase Agreement).
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What does 2013 hold for solar? Predictions from four green money managers
Tom Konrad
What will the New Year hold for Clean Energy?
For the people who manage clean energy portfolios, mutual funds, and indexes the question is more than idle curiosity. Getting the answer right means finding the stocks which will put a shine on your solar portfolio’s returns. Getting it wrong means the competition will blow away your wind stocks.
I asked my network of green money managers what they thought, and they gave me a lot more than I expected. This is the start of a series on the predictions and stock picks from my panel. This first
article focuses on what they had to say about trends in the solar sector.
Shawn Kravetz: Solar Reversal
Shawn Kravetz is President of Esplanade Capital LLC, a Boston based investment management company one of whose funds is focused on solar and companies impacted by the emergence of solar.
Unlike most of my panel, Kravetz is a solar specialist, so I’m giving him first billing in this article. His prediction is also somewhat surprising in that it is not “more of the same.” He says,
Garvin Jabusch: Consolidation, New Models
Garvin Jabusch is cofounder and chief investment officer of Green Alpha ® Advisors, and is co-manager of the Green Alpha ® Next Economy Index, or GANEX and the Sierra Club Green Alpha Portfolio. He also authors the blog ”Green Alpha’s Next Economy.”
Jabusch expects to see continued consolidation in the solar manufacturing industry, particularly in China, and the emergence of new ways to monetize electric utility revenues from large scale solar plants. In terms of new ways to monetize solar, one came across my desk last week, in a PR from Solar Mosaic, a company that is bringing crowd-funding large scale solar projects.
Rafael Coven: Terrible Economics, Dropping Subsidies
Rafael Coven is Managing Director at the Cleantech Group, and manager of the Cleantech index (^CTIUS) which underlies the Powershares Cleantech ETF (NYSE:PZD.)
Coven also expects “Consolidation in the wind turbine and solar PV [photovoltaic] business; there are too many players and the economics are terrible. It reminds me of the steel industry. Products are differentiated enough to earn price premiums, or governments play favorites with local suppliers.”
He also expects reduced subsidies for residential solar PV, especially in northern states, a trend he refers to as “a return to sanity.”
Rob Wilder: Three Potential Calalysts
Dr. Rob Wilder is Index Committee Chair for WilderHill Clean Energy Index (ECO), the first to capture and track this sector. ECO underlies the PowerShares WilderHill Clean Energy ETF (NYSE:PBW.)
Dr. Wilder prefers not to make outright predictions, but he shared three possible trends he expects would have large impacts on the solar industry, if they emerge. He notes “Solar hardware costs too have seen a great fall from poly to panels. But what resisted coming down are the ‘softer’ costs of solar like the permitting, balance of system in installation: we pay far more than Germany to install solar. ” Bringing down these other costs would have a large impact on the solar industry.
He also thinks that quickening industry consolidation or increased “ subsidies in places like China and India” which could lead to “gigawatts more solar in just the next couple years.”
Bottom Line
If Kravetz is right, and 2013 will not see any growth in solar installations, this will put pressure on an industry already struggling with “too many players” and terrible economics, as Coven puts it. Coven’s prediction of reduced subsidies also worsens the economics. All of this could hasten the industry consolidation expected by all these experts.
Even in such a harsh climate, the current rock-bottom solar stock prices could allow solar indexes and ETFs to rally, as companies are bought for pennies on the dollar. Investors re-deploying the cash from buyouts into other solar stocks would only accelerate such a rally. If last week’s extra $1.1 billion of Chinese solar subsidies is the beginning of a trend, the “return to sanity” that Coven expects in the reduction of US subsidies could be more than offset by increased “insanity” in the East.
US solar investors would do well to look beyond what is happening at home.
The solar market is a global one, and the sun rises in the East.
Disclosure: No position in the stocks or ETFs mentioned.
This article was first published on the author's Forbes.com blog, Green Stocks on December 17th.
What will the New Year hold for Clean Energy?
For the people who manage clean energy portfolios, mutual funds, and indexes the question is more than idle curiosity. Getting the answer right means finding the stocks which will put a shine on your solar portfolio’s returns. Getting it wrong means the competition will blow away your wind stocks.
I asked my network of green money managers what they thought, and they gave me a lot more than I expected. This is the start of a series on the predictions and stock picks from my panel. This first
article focuses on what they had to say about trends in the solar sector.
Shawn Kravetz: Solar Reversal
Shawn Kravetz is President of Esplanade Capital LLC, a Boston based investment management company one of whose funds is focused on solar and companies impacted by the emergence of solar.
Unlike most of my panel, Kravetz is a solar specialist, so I’m giving him first billing in this article. His prediction is also somewhat surprising in that it is not “more of the same.” He says,
After four years of rapid growth, global solar installations will have their first roughly flat year since 2009, but paradoxically the broad solar indices will have their first profitable year after nearly four years of Olympic-sized losses.
Garvin Jabusch: Consolidation, New Models
Garvin Jabusch is cofounder and chief investment officer of Green Alpha ® Advisors, and is co-manager of the Green Alpha ® Next Economy Index, or GANEX and the Sierra Club Green Alpha Portfolio. He also authors the blog ”Green Alpha’s Next Economy.”
Jabusch expects to see continued consolidation in the solar manufacturing industry, particularly in China, and the emergence of new ways to monetize electric utility revenues from large scale solar plants. In terms of new ways to monetize solar, one came across my desk last week, in a PR from Solar Mosaic, a company that is bringing crowd-funding large scale solar projects.
Rafael Coven: Terrible Economics, Dropping Subsidies
Rafael Coven is Managing Director at the Cleantech Group, and manager of the Cleantech index (^CTIUS) which underlies the Powershares Cleantech ETF (NYSE:PZD.)
Coven also expects “Consolidation in the wind turbine and solar PV [photovoltaic] business; there are too many players and the economics are terrible. It reminds me of the steel industry. Products are differentiated enough to earn price premiums, or governments play favorites with local suppliers.”
He also expects reduced subsidies for residential solar PV, especially in northern states, a trend he refers to as “a return to sanity.”
Rob Wilder: Three Potential Calalysts
Dr. Rob Wilder is Index Committee Chair for WilderHill Clean Energy Index (ECO), the first to capture and track this sector. ECO underlies the PowerShares WilderHill Clean Energy ETF (NYSE:PBW.)
Dr. Wilder prefers not to make outright predictions, but he shared three possible trends he expects would have large impacts on the solar industry, if they emerge. He notes “Solar hardware costs too have seen a great fall from poly to panels. But what resisted coming down are the ‘softer’ costs of solar like the permitting, balance of system in installation: we pay far more than Germany to install solar. ” Bringing down these other costs would have a large impact on the solar industry.
He also thinks that quickening industry consolidation or increased “ subsidies in places like China and India” which could lead to “gigawatts more solar in just the next couple years.”
Bottom Line
If Kravetz is right, and 2013 will not see any growth in solar installations, this will put pressure on an industry already struggling with “too many players” and terrible economics, as Coven puts it. Coven’s prediction of reduced subsidies also worsens the economics. All of this could hasten the industry consolidation expected by all these experts.
Even in such a harsh climate, the current rock-bottom solar stock prices could allow solar indexes and ETFs to rally, as companies are bought for pennies on the dollar. Investors re-deploying the cash from buyouts into other solar stocks would only accelerate such a rally. If last week’s extra $1.1 billion of Chinese solar subsidies is the beginning of a trend, the “return to sanity” that Coven expects in the reduction of US subsidies could be more than offset by increased “insanity” in the East.
US solar investors would do well to look beyond what is happening at home.
The solar market is a global one, and the sun rises in the East.
Disclosure: No position in the stocks or ETFs mentioned.
This article was first published on the author's Forbes.com blog, Green Stocks on December 17th.
DISCLAIMER: Past performance is
not a guarantee or a reliable indicator of future results.
This article contains the current opinions of the author and such
opinions are subject to change without notice. This article
has been distributed for informational purposes only. Forecasts,
estimates, and certain information contained herein should not be
considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any
particular security, strategy or investment product.
Information contained herein has been obtained from sources
believed to be reliable, but not guaranteed.
http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2012/12/what_does_2013_hold_for_solar_predictions_fr om_four_green_money_managers.html
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Renewable energy REITs or MLPs would unlock billions
Jennifer Runyon
According to Richard Kauffman, Senior Advisor to the Secretary, DOE, making REITs or MLPs available for renewable energy project financing is the key to advancing the industry.
Top engineering, procurement and construction firms gathered to network, learn and do business with corporate-level project developers at the PGI Financial Forum, one of four co-located events that took place in Orlando, Fla. earlier this month. Richard Kauffman, Senior Advisor to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy, gave the keynote address during a luncheon that took place during the conference.
Jennifer Runyon is managing editor of RenewableEnergyWorld.com and Renewable Energy World North America magazine. She also serves as conference chair of Solar Power-Gen Conference and Exhibition and Renewable Energy World North America Conference and Expo.
This article was originally published on RenewableEnergyWorld.com, and is republished with permission.
http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2012/12/renewable_energy_reits_or_mlps_would_unlock _billions_1.html
According to Richard Kauffman, Senior Advisor to the Secretary, DOE, making REITs or MLPs available for renewable energy project financing is the key to advancing the industry.
Top engineering, procurement and construction firms gathered to network, learn and do business with corporate-level project developers at the PGI Financial Forum, one of four co-located events that took place in Orlando, Fla. earlier this month. Richard Kauffman, Senior Advisor to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy, gave the keynote address during a luncheon that took place during the conference.
During the luncheon, Kauffman explained to the 100 attendees
that as someone who originated from the private sector, in his
DOE role he is trying to understand where market forces can be
harnessed in order to unleash the flood of investment that is
needed to bring about large renewable energy projects.
Kauffman explained what he sees as a disconnect between returns in renewable energy projects compared to returns in other investments. On the one hand, today, renewable energy projects are financed in what he called an “old-fashioned, archaic way” where for the most part, projects rely on private sector money that is looking for high rates of returns, typically around 12-14 percent. On the other hand, money managers, wary of the stock market and its risks, have returned to the bond markets, which offer more steady (but lower) rates of return, in the 5 or 6 percent range. Kauffman explained that this “wall of money” that is looking for a stable rate of return, such as what can be found in the bond markets, could easily invest in renewable energy projects if only the financial vehicle existed that allowed it to. Renewable energy projects with signed power purchase agreements (PPAs) will deliver a healthy rate of return to their investors, one that will be stable for 20 years, exactly what the money managers are looking for.
In other words, he said, there is all this money looking to invest in yield but it can’t flow to where it is needed because the financial vehicles don’t yet exist that would allow it to.
Enter Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) or Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs).
According to Kauffman, REITs and MLPs, function like a bond and are currently used in more mature markets for project development. If they were available to renewable energy projects, said Kauffman, they would unlock loads of money for project development. Two separate bills have already been introduced in Congress seeking to allow renewable energy projects to be financed through REITs and MLPs but neither bill has come up for vote yet.
Kauffman asked Financial Forum attendees to imagine for a minute what would happen if MLPs or REITs could be used to finance renewable energy projects. He asked attendees to imagine that they would have a yield of 5 or 6 percent and simply through that yield, the cost of capital would go down by 50 percent (since private sector funding demands returns in the 12 to 14 percent range.)
“But I think it would do five other things,” he explained.
First, Kauffman said that renewable energy REITs or MLPs would accelerate standardization in the contracting process. With so many projects now eligible for project finance, the markets would demand a streamlined contracting process. This would remove more of the soft costs from project development.
Second, these renewable energy financial vehicles would continue to force down solar and other supply chain costs. Kauffman explained that we are good at logistics in the U.S. and if we were funding solar projects at increasing rates, we would improve the logistics in the supply chain. He pointed to the decreasing costs of residential solar customer origination through the explosion in solar leasing as an example of taking costs out of the supply chain.
Third, Kauffman said all of this would then lead to greater market aggregation of smaller projects. Large projects backed by stable project developers already have no trouble finding money to fund their projects. Smaller projects, however, have a much more difficult time finding cash. If there were REITs or MLPs available to renewable energy projects, smaller projects could be aggregated. This would again improve efficiency and unleash funding for smaller projects.
Fourth, Kauffman believes that REITs or MLPs would encourage innovation in the industry. He said that capital markets are much better than banks at assessing risk. If a bank provides debt to a large innovative project and that project is unsuccessful, it’s difficult for the bank to recover from that loss. However, imagine a $100 million fund that holds a portfolio of projects. If one project defaults, the fund would still be able to recover because it would hold many other projects as well. “That’s why the capital markets do a better job at assessing risk,” said Kauffman.
Finally, if REITs or MLPs were available to renewable energy projects, the industry would scale very fast, which would again drive down costs and even open up the possibility of a forward market. Kauffman said that renewable energy is the only energy source that gets cheaper the more you make. So, more projects coming online would help to align the supply chain and create a forward market.
Since renewable energy is all about the upfront costs, Kauffman believes that there hasn’t been enough thought put into how to reduce the cost of capital to finance projects. REITs or MLPs could play a huge role in the future because the way renewable energy projects are being financed today just doesn’t make sense, said Kauffman.
The MLP Parity Act was introduced in Congress earlier in 2012.
Kauffman explained what he sees as a disconnect between returns in renewable energy projects compared to returns in other investments. On the one hand, today, renewable energy projects are financed in what he called an “old-fashioned, archaic way” where for the most part, projects rely on private sector money that is looking for high rates of returns, typically around 12-14 percent. On the other hand, money managers, wary of the stock market and its risks, have returned to the bond markets, which offer more steady (but lower) rates of return, in the 5 or 6 percent range. Kauffman explained that this “wall of money” that is looking for a stable rate of return, such as what can be found in the bond markets, could easily invest in renewable energy projects if only the financial vehicle existed that allowed it to. Renewable energy projects with signed power purchase agreements (PPAs) will deliver a healthy rate of return to their investors, one that will be stable for 20 years, exactly what the money managers are looking for.
In other words, he said, there is all this money looking to invest in yield but it can’t flow to where it is needed because the financial vehicles don’t yet exist that would allow it to.
Enter Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) or Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs).
According to Kauffman, REITs and MLPs, function like a bond and are currently used in more mature markets for project development. If they were available to renewable energy projects, said Kauffman, they would unlock loads of money for project development. Two separate bills have already been introduced in Congress seeking to allow renewable energy projects to be financed through REITs and MLPs but neither bill has come up for vote yet.
Kauffman asked Financial Forum attendees to imagine for a minute what would happen if MLPs or REITs could be used to finance renewable energy projects. He asked attendees to imagine that they would have a yield of 5 or 6 percent and simply through that yield, the cost of capital would go down by 50 percent (since private sector funding demands returns in the 12 to 14 percent range.)
“But I think it would do five other things,” he explained.
First, Kauffman said that renewable energy REITs or MLPs would accelerate standardization in the contracting process. With so many projects now eligible for project finance, the markets would demand a streamlined contracting process. This would remove more of the soft costs from project development.
Second, these renewable energy financial vehicles would continue to force down solar and other supply chain costs. Kauffman explained that we are good at logistics in the U.S. and if we were funding solar projects at increasing rates, we would improve the logistics in the supply chain. He pointed to the decreasing costs of residential solar customer origination through the explosion in solar leasing as an example of taking costs out of the supply chain.
Third, Kauffman said all of this would then lead to greater market aggregation of smaller projects. Large projects backed by stable project developers already have no trouble finding money to fund their projects. Smaller projects, however, have a much more difficult time finding cash. If there were REITs or MLPs available to renewable energy projects, smaller projects could be aggregated. This would again improve efficiency and unleash funding for smaller projects.
Fourth, Kauffman believes that REITs or MLPs would encourage innovation in the industry. He said that capital markets are much better than banks at assessing risk. If a bank provides debt to a large innovative project and that project is unsuccessful, it’s difficult for the bank to recover from that loss. However, imagine a $100 million fund that holds a portfolio of projects. If one project defaults, the fund would still be able to recover because it would hold many other projects as well. “That’s why the capital markets do a better job at assessing risk,” said Kauffman.
Finally, if REITs or MLPs were available to renewable energy projects, the industry would scale very fast, which would again drive down costs and even open up the possibility of a forward market. Kauffman said that renewable energy is the only energy source that gets cheaper the more you make. So, more projects coming online would help to align the supply chain and create a forward market.
Since renewable energy is all about the upfront costs, Kauffman believes that there hasn’t been enough thought put into how to reduce the cost of capital to finance projects. REITs or MLPs could play a huge role in the future because the way renewable energy projects are being financed today just doesn’t make sense, said Kauffman.
The MLP Parity Act was introduced in Congress earlier in 2012.
Jennifer Runyon is managing editor of RenewableEnergyWorld.com and Renewable Energy World North America magazine. She also serves as conference chair of Solar Power-Gen Conference and Exhibition and Renewable Energy World North America Conference and Expo.
This article was originally published on RenewableEnergyWorld.com, and is republished with permission.
http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2012/12/renewable_energy_reits_or_mlps_would_unlock _billions_1.html
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