New Hampshire, USA --
SunPower says it has sold 70 MW of concentrated solar PV (CPV) "cell
packages" to its joint venture in China's Inner Mongolia region for the
first phase of two projects using the company's C7 low-concentration CPV
(LCPV) technology: a 20-MW (dc) project in Saihan and a 100-MW (dc)
project in Wuchuan, both scheduled for completion in 2015.
The JV, Huaxia Concentrated Photovoltaic Power — involving SunPower
and Tianjin Zhonghuan Semiconductor, with regional independent power
grid company Inner Mongolia Power and state-owned Hohhot Jinqiao City
Development Company — was formed in December 2012 and officially
registered last November to establish a foothold in China for SunPower's
C7 Tracker technology, which combines a horizontal single-axis tracking
with parabolic mirrors to focus sunlight at 7× concentration onto the
company's third-generation Maxeon solar cells, which boast conversion
efficiencies exceeding 24 percent. These specific Inner Mongolia
operations, like other arid regions, have to deal with cold weather and
soiling, so the company also plans to use its recently acquired Greenbotics robotic solar panel cleaning technology
which uses far less water than traditional panel washing, noted Matt
Campbell, SunPower's senior director of power plant products.
LCPV is a good fit for regions that have good solar irradiance, but
it doesn't need the especially high-DNI areas required to make
high-concentration CPV (HCPV) economically feasible. Those high-DNI
regions also tend to be remote, so LCPV can work in areas that are
nearer to load centers. Other areas suitable for CPV are the Middle
East, South Africa, Chile, North Africa — and the Southwest U.S.
Campbell highlighted a 20-MW installation at Apple's Nevada data center is
scheduled to begin construction later this year.
Average annual direct normal irradiance in kWh/m2. Credit: SolarGIS, via GlobalData
CPV is talked about in terms of overall systems costs, or levelized
cost of energy (LCOE), rather than the metric of $/Wp on which
conventional solar PV is focused. In some regions LCOE savings can reach
20 percent, according to Campbell. Those savings gets achieved in a
number of ways. Concentrating the sunlight on these cells means fewer
are needed for the same output; the company says a 400-MW plant with C7
technology requires fewer than 70 MW of PV cells. Helping to lower costs
even more is a "significant localization" of manufacturing and supply
chain not easily achieved with conventional silicon solar PV. "A
polysilicon-ingot-wafer-cell cluster requires a scale of at least 1 GW
to be cost-effective and requires very large capital expenditure,"
whereas SunPower's C7 CPV technology can be localized at a smaller scale
and capex, Campbell said. For example, these CPV cell packages now
being shipped to China incorporate a laminate of solar cells that's
converted to a receiver in the JV's receiver manufacturing facility in
the region, and almost all the components for these two CPV projects in
Inner Mongolia will made in China, he said.
Soitec's CPV Milestone in South Africa
Meanwhile, in South Africa, Soitec says its medium-concentration CPV project, the 44 MWp Touwsrivier, has achieved "full commissioning"
on 50 percent of its total capacity, indicating performance to
contractual specs and validating the entire project's power purchase
agreement. This also triggers the project's refinancing through proceeds
of bonds issued on the Johannesburg stock exchange last spring.
"Reaching this point shall entitle Soitec to have access to the
restricted cash and significantly increase its cash resources," the
company said in a related statement. More than 60 percent of the plant
has been installed, and the company pledges to complete the entire thing
"in the coming months." Earlier this month the South African Department
of Energy approved a shuffled financing structure by which Soitec would
offload majority ownership of the project to an unidentified investor.
In the U.S., Soitec just sold its 7-MWp (5-MWac) Desert Green project
in Borrego Springs, CA (north of San Diego) to Invenergy Solar
Development. It's the first of five Soitec projects with PPAs hand from
San Diego Gas & Electric, which collectively total 155 MW and were
the stimulus for the company's $150 million CPV module factory in San Diego, which opened last winter. Last fall the company said that new site would be its new central manufacturing operations, as it closes its older and smaller CPV facility in Freiberg, Germany.
CPV Still Finding Its Way
Overall CPV is still a technology seeking to break through into
mainstream use. In the past several years a number of the early
developers have consolidated or driven out of the market,
unable to compete with the plunging prices of conventional solar PV.
Those remaining include Suncore, Soitec, Solaria, SunPower, and Magpower
which now account for more than 80 percent of the CPV market, IHS
calculates, with French firm Heliotrop and U.S.-based Semprius also in
the mix. GlobalData says there's just shy of 154 MW
cumulatively installed CPV across the globe, but it sees this more than
doubling to 358 MW in 2014 and topping 1 GW cumulatively by 2020.
There's enough promise in CPV, with continued technology improvements
and targeting the right locations and applications, that keep analysts
bullish. Unlike solar PV where the emphasis has shifted from
manufacturing improvements to streamlining soft costs, in CPV (and
especially HCPV) efficiency remains the key to greatly lowering total
systems costs. And there's still a lot of headroom to go,
especially in HCPV which eschews the familiar silicon-based PV material
with its known efficiency limitations for combinations of more exotic
materials. IHS sees high-concentration CPV cell efficiencies boosted
from 40-42 percent now to more than 45 percent in the next three years,
leading to entire system efficiencies exceeding 40 percent vs. today's
35 percent. GlobalData projects the LCOE for a HCPV system with ~960×
concentration and 39 percent cell efficiency falling from $2.05/W in
2013 to $1.77/W by 2016.
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/03/cpv-update-sunpower-ramps-up-in-china-soitec-achieves-south-africa-milestone
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