The Green Mountain Power-proposed 63 MW Lowell Mountain wind turbine facility with (21) 3 MW Danish wind turbines stretched along 4 miles of ridge lines has nothing to do with community-scale wind, everything with utility-scale wind. GMP is using blatant PR to soft-soap/deceive Vermonters.
The capital cost would be about 63 MW x $2,500,000/MW = $157.5 million, excluding grid modifications.
http://www.coalitionforenergysolutions.org/maine_wind_farms.pdf
The reality is the Lowell Mountain wind turbine facility would be a capital intensive, highly visual, noisy facility that is proposed to be built on environmentally-sensitive ridge lines. The wind turbines would be about 440 feet tall, equal to a 40-story building, with noise-making rotors. People living nearby would be disturbed by an irregular din of whoosh type sounds, especially during nighttime.
Because of public opposition, the goverments of Denmark and the Netherlands have stopped construction of onshore wind turbines.
http://theenergycollective.com/willem-post/51642/dutch-renewables-about-face-towards-nuclear
Wind Energy Dispatch Value
As wind speeds are highly variable and wind energy is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, a doubling of windspeeds cause 8-fold increases in highly-variable wind energy. As a result, wind energy consists of irregularly-spaced, sporadic spurts varying in amplitude and duration.
At least 10 percent of the year, the wind speeds are too low to produce any wind energy. Most of a year’s wind energy production is at night during the winter. Accordingly, wind energy has near-zero dispatch value to grid operators, such as ISO-NE.
Wind Energy and CO2 Emissions Reduction
The Lowell Mountain wind turbine facility has little to do with reducing CO2 emissions or generating wind energy. Most of the CO2 emissions that the wind energy was meant to reduce is offset by the increased CO2 emissions due to the inefficient operation of the gas-fired balancing facilities, as shown by this study.
http://theenergycollective.com/willem-post/57905/wind-power-and-co2-emissions
Wind Energy and Circumventing Environment and Quality of Life Regulations
State legislatures and state government agencies are pressured to pave the regulatory ways to essentially circumvent state environmental and quality of life laws. Pro-forma hearings, usually required by law, are held to create a semblance of democratic process but effectively are rubber-stamp approvals of pre-ordained decisions.
The Lowell Mountain wind turbine facility received a Certificate of "Public Good" from the Vermont Public Service Board, a mostly political entity, regardless of widespread public opposition regarding impacts on quality of life (noise, visual, psychological), property values and the environment.
Wind Energy and Job Creation
The Lowell Mountain wind turbine facility job creation is largely a mirage. The facility would temporarily employ a number of people during the construction phase for about a year. During the next 20 years, just a few people would be permanently employed to perform operations and maintenance. An enormous waste of capital to create just a few permanent jobs, as shown by this Vermont Department of Public Service study. http://publicservice.vermont.gov/planning/DPS%20White%20Paper%20Feed%20i...
Wind Energy and Tax Shelters
The federal government and state legislatures are pressured to provide increasingly greater subsidies to politically well-connected renewables vendors, developers, financial entities (such as Goldman Sachs on Wall Street) and their high-income clients who use them for tax shelters.
Over the past 10 years, the subsidies for wind turbine facility owners have become so excessive that facilities are built in marginal wind areas, as on most Vermont ridge lines, or before facilities are built to transmit the wind energy to population centers, as in the Texas Panhandle, just to cash in on the lucrative subsidies.
The Lowell Mountain wind turbine facility would not be built if there were no subsidies equivalent to at least 50% of the capital cost. Without subsidies, the wind energy produced would be at least $0.15/kWh delivered to the grid, significantly higher than New England average grid prices of about $0.055/kWh.
The Lowell Mountain wind turbine facility has everything to do with grabbing as much federal subsidies as possible and "coursing" them through Vermont's economy for the short-term benefit of the well-connected few (including high-income, non-Vermonters looking for tax shelters and foreign companies supplying wind turbines), and at the long-term economic expense (higher electric rates) of the many.
Wind Energy and Subsidies; a partial list
- Federal grant for 30% of the total project cost which also applies to Spanish, Danish, German and Chinese wind turbines thus creating jobs in those nations instead of the US. These nations would not dream to have such a measure benefitting US wind turbine companies.
- Federal accelerated depreciation allowing the entire project to be written off in five years which is particularly beneficial to wealthy, high-income people looking for additional tax shelters.
- Federal production credit of $0.022/kWh of wind energy produced.
- Owners of wind turbine facilities receive Renewable Energy Certificates which they can sell on the open market. The RECs are subsequently bought by polluting companies that find it less expensive to buy the RECs than clean up their pollution.
A More Effective Alternative to Wind Energy
For the same capital cost a new 60% efficient combined cycle gas turbine facility, operated at rated output, in base-loaded mode, would produce about ($157.6 million/$1,250,000/MW) x 1 GW/1000 MW x 8,760 hr/yr x CF 0.90 = 993.4 GWh/yr, or about 16.5% of Vermont’s 6,000 GWh/yr consumption, more than 5 times as much electrical energy per invested dollar. The levelized energy cost for advanced 60% efficient CCGT would be about $0.0631/kWh, according to the US Energy Information Administration.
http://www.energytransition.msu.edu/documents/ipu_eia_electricity_generation_estimates_2011.pdf
Some of the advantages of a gas-fired CCGT facility are:
- No grid modifications would be required
- No inefficient operation of gas-fired wind energy balancing facilities would be required
- Impacts on quality of life (visual, noise, psychological) and property values would be minimal
- The facility would take up only a few acres
- The electrical energy would be low-cost, steady 24/7/365, reliable and dispatchable
http://theenergycollective.com/willem-post/61309/lowell-mountain-wind-turbine-facility-vermont
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